Pharmaceutical Compounding I: Liquid Dosage Forms and Solutions, Cheat Sheet of Chemistry

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Pharmaceutical C o m p o u n d i n g I Lec 2 : Liquid Dosage forms, Solutions Presented By:Dr Amit Sharma Assistant Professor of the Pharmacy Department (^1) Komar university OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Outline

• Liquid Dosage forms
• Pharmaceutical Solution
• Solubility
• Preparation
  • Drugs
  • Solvents
    • Water
    • Non Polar
  • Excipients
• Enhancing solubility
• Types of pharmaceutical solutions

Liquid Dosageforms

• In pharmacy different kinds of liquid dosage forms are used - They consist of a dispersion of one or m o r e substances (Drug +Excipients) in a liquid phase

Liquid Dosageforms

• Depending o n t h e nature of interaction between solute and solvent

1. True Solution ( molecular)
   • Sugar dissolved in water
2. Colloidal solution
3. Disperse systems (suspension)
   • Sand is mixed w i t h water
   • Antibiotics in paediaterics

Pharmaceutical Solution

• Solutions are preparations in w h i c h t h e solid solutes (drug and excipients) are dissolved in a liquid solvent system.
• Water is t h e m o s t c o m m o n solvent
  • Organic solvents are used in combination w i t h water or alone

Pharmaceutical Solution

• All t h e c o mp o n e n t s of a solution are dispersed as molecules or ions - t h e solution is optically clear.
• Solutions can be prepared by simple m i x i n g of t h e solutes w i t h t h e solvent system.

Advantages

3. There is n o need t o shake t h e container.
4. They facilitate swallowing in difficult cases.
   • Some infants or t h e elderly m a y find it hard t o swallow traditional solid dosage forms

Disadvantages

1. D r u g stability is often reduced in solution by:

• Solvolysis , hydrolysis or oxidation.

2. It is difficult t o mask unpleasant tastes.
3. They are bulky, difficult t o transport and prone t o breakages

Solubility VsDissolution

• Solubility
  • Max. a m o u n t of solute t h a t can be dissolved in t h e solvent under normal temperature and pressure conditions.
• Dissolution
  • Transfer of molecules or ions f r o m a solid state into solution
  • Process of dissolving

Solution concentration (strength)

1. Percent by w e i g h t (% w/w );
   • N u m b e r of grams of solute per 100g of solution
2. Percent w e i g h t in volume (% w/v ):
   • N u m b e r of grams of solute per 100mL of solution
3. Percent by volume (% v/v )
   • N u m b e r of milliliters of solute in 100mL of solution, referring t o solutions of liquids in liquids.

Preparation of solution

Drug Solven t Solution

Preparation of solution

Dru g Solven t Excip ien t s Solution

Solubility of drugs

• Pharm a cop oeia Aulton 2017 p

Drug

• D r u g is present as molecules or ions t h r o u g h o u t t h e solvent.
• The d r u g concentration in a pharmaceutical solution m u s t be below t h e saturation solubility - Avoid t h e possibility of d r u g precipitating o u t of t h e solvent