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Cardiac vascular nursing.pdf, Exams of Nursing

Lancaster UniversityNursing

Cardiac vascular nursing.pdf GRADED

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 08/11/2025

nursinghero
nursinghero 🇬🇧

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Cardiac vascular nursing
Indication for coronary arthrectomy -
lesions
eudaimonistic -
health is the expression of the max potential of the person
Coronary arthrectomy -
removes atherosclerotic plaque, debulking and smoothing the vessel wall
percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the LE -
alternative to surgical intervention for patients with PAD.
indications of PTA -
sx of claudification that are severe; critical limb ischemia; in conjuction with surgical bypass surgery
PTA of the carotid artery -
nonsurgical approach to open a narrowed carotid artery for a pt with hemodynamically significant
impairment of cerebral circulation
indications for PTA of carotid artery -
stenosis of the ICA exceeding 70%; recurrent stenosis; pt with increased operative risk
PTA of the renal artery -
nonsurgical approach to open a narrowed renal artery and alleviate renovascular HTN or improve
renal function
indications for PTA of the renal artery -
renovascular HTN; renal transplant pt; renal insufficiency
aortic and peripheral arterial bypass surgery -
reroute blood flow around the peripheral stenosis or occlusion
indications for aortic/peripheral arterial bypass surgery -
aortoiliac disease; distal aortic occlusion; and critical limb ischemia with diffuse disease and long
total occlusions
carotid endarterectomy -
surgical procedure with the opening of the carotid artery to remove obstructing and embolizing
plaque
indications for CEA -
severe carotid stenosis; ulcerated or intermediate degree of stenosis; and more than 50% stenosis
peripheral thromboembolectomy -
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Cardiac vascular nursing

Indication for coronary arthrectomy - lesions eudaimonistic - health is the expression of the max potential of the person Coronary arthrectomy - removes atherosclerotic plaque, debulking and smoothing the vessel wall percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the LE - alternative to surgical intervention for patients with PAD. indications of PTA - sx of claudification that are severe; critical limb ischemia; in conjuction with surgical bypass surgery PTA of the carotid artery - nonsurgical approach to open a narrowed carotid artery for a pt with hemodynamically significant impairment of cerebral circulation indications for PTA of carotid artery - stenosis of the ICA exceeding 70%; recurrent stenosis; pt with increased operative risk PTA of the renal artery - nonsurgical approach to open a narrowed renal artery and alleviate renovascular HTN or improve renal function indications for PTA of the renal artery - renovascular HTN; renal transplant pt; renal insufficiency aortic and peripheral arterial bypass surgery - reroute blood flow around the peripheral stenosis or occlusion indications for aortic/peripheral arterial bypass surgery - aortoiliac disease; distal aortic occlusion; and critical limb ischemia with diffuse disease and long total occlusions carotid endarterectomy - surgical procedure with the opening of the carotid artery to remove obstructing and embolizing plaque indications for CEA - severe carotid stenosis; ulcerated or intermediate degree of stenosis; and more than 50% stenosis peripheral thromboembolectomy -

a balloon catheter technique is used to remove arterial emboli and restore peripheral circulation water hammer (corrigan) pulse - rapidly rising and falling pulse associated with aortic insufficiency. transmits a tapping sensation pulsus parvus - low-amplitude pulse associated with stenosis or low EF pulsus tardus - slow rising pulse associated with aortic stenosis pulsus arternans - alternating strong and weaker beats in a regular rhythm associated with severe heart failure alternative for carotid endarterectomy - carotid stent how quickly should cardiac rehab start? - 1 - 2 weeks post procedure indications for a CABG -

  • To open blocked blood vessels
  • To relieve chest pain
  • To increase physical activity
  • To decrease risk for a heart attack what is considered "very heavy" activity - swimming what is considered "heavy" activity - jogging what is considered "light" activity - gardening what is considered "very light" activity - getting dressed SVN (society of vascular nursing) - model for nurses that want to achieve the highest level of professional knowledge in vascular nursing Pharmacogenomics - the study of how genetic inheritance affects the body's response to drugs four factors related to adherence -
  • system
  • provider
  • patient
  • regimen
  • dry mouth
  • dilated pupils
  • tachycardia
  • Vtach/Vfib The Borg scale - A quantitative rating system of perceived exertion what is the borg scale based on? -
    • heart rate
  • respirations
  • muscle fatigue
  • sweating perceived exertion - the subjective perception of effort during exercise that can be used to monitor exercise intensity when is death/rupture most likely to occur in a AAA? - when the diameter exceeds 5 cm what is death/rupture most likely to occur in a thoracic AA? - when the diameter exceeds 6 cm Aortic rupture - a tear through the entire wall of the aorta causing hemorrhage into the extravascular space s/s of aortic rupture -
    • changes in blood pressure
  • pulse deficits
  • LOC
  • paraperesis treatment of aortic rupture - aortic repair or BP management hemothorax - blood in the pleural cavity pneumothorax - air in the pleural cavity CV risk r/t SBP in adults over 50 - 140 SBP Conventional Health Care - practices that are currently being used by physicians and HCP two primary reasons infarct patient should adhere to medications? - minimize pain and myocardial damage

location of apical pulse - Fifth intercostal space at the left midclavicular line. Unna Boot - bootlike dressing for lower extremity made of gauze and Unna paste cardiac output - The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart in one minute. HR X stroke volume what does one degree drop in celsius temperature do to the body? - slows cellular metabolism by 5% unipolar electrogram - measures electrical activity between one atrial epicardial wire and a surface ECG electrode Normal ABI range - 0.9-1. maximum exertion on the borg scale - 20 s/s of ventricular septal rupture - holosystolic murmur, palpable thrill and hypotension Holosystolic murmur - high pitched heart sounds aortic regurgitation - incompetent aortic valve causes the backward flow of blood from the aorta to the LV during ventricular diastole aortic valve during diastole - aortic valve closes aortic valve during systole - aortic valve opens three basic types of doppler ultrasounsds -

  • continuous wave doppler
  • color doppler
  • duplex doppler CAB - compression, airway, breathing kcal goal for a low calorie diet - 800 - 1500 kcal/diet

when is smoking not considered a risk factor? - 3 years at what degree will a patient start shivering? - 97 what is the minimum temperature a hypothermia pt can reach? - 90 s1 - the first heart sound, heard when the atrioventricular (mitral and tricuspid) valves close s2 - the second heart sound, heard when the semilunar (aortic and pulmonic) valves close 7 attributes of symptom analysis - quality, quantity, location, timing, precipitating factors, setting, associated symptoms desirable LDL level - under 100 desirable HDL level - above 60 Desirable total cholesterol level - under 200 metabolic syndrome - A syndrome marked by the presence of usually three or more of a group of factors (as high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and high fasting levels of blood sugar) that are linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes. abdominal obesity - men: >40 in women: >35 in what is the diagnosis of HTN based on? - the average of two or more BP readings taken at each of two or more visits after an initial screening what is the first intervention for high cholesterol? - reducing intake of dietary saturated fats usual sequence of CV exam technique - inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation sound of aortic stenosis - systolic ejection murmur sound of mitral regurgitation -

holosystolic murmur heard at the apex sound of aortic regurgitation - holodiastolic murmur intermittent claudication - pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest what is the main cause of diastolic heart failure? - hypertension S/S of acute pericarditis - retrosternal chest pain that radiates to the back, decreases when the patient leans forward in a straight sitting position and increases when the patient lies down desired BP level for average-risk individuals with HTN - less than 140/ NYHA Class I - symptoms occur only with high level of activity NYHA Class II - symptoms occur with moderate levels of activity such as stair climbing or hills NYHA class III - symptoms occur with low levels of activity such as walking 1-2 blocks NYHA class IV - symptoms occur at rest or with ADLs social cognitive theory - mental process through which thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes are converted into behavior efficacy information - obtained from

  • mastery experience
  • vicarious experience
  • physiological cues
  • verbal or social persuasion mastery experience - engaging in the behavior and evaluating personal performance vicarious experience - watching others perform a task and hearing their self-evaluation and feedback