Cartoon Analysis Guide
Use this guide to identify the persuasive techniques used in political cartoons.
Cartoonists’ Persuasive Techniques
Symbolism
Cartoonists use simple objects, or symbols, to stand for larger
concepts or ideas.
After you identify the symbols in a cartoon, think about what the
cartoonist means each symbol to stand for.
Exaggeration
Sometimes cartoonists overdo, or exaggerate, the physical
characteristics of people or things in order to make a point.
When you study a cartoon, look for any characteristics that seem
overdone or overblown. (Facial characteristics and clothing are
some of the most commonly exaggerated characteristics.) Then,
try to decide what point the cartoonist was trying to make by
exaggerating them.
Labeling
Cartoonists often label objects or people to make it clear exactly
what they stand for.
Watch out for the different labels that appear in a cartoon, and ask
yourself why the cartoonist chose to label that particular person or
object. Does the label make the meaning of the object more clear?
Analogy
An analogy is a comparison between two unlike things. By
comparing a complex issue or situation with a more familiar one,
cartoonists can help their readers see it in a different light.
After you’ve studied a cartoon for a while, try to decide what the
cartoon’s main analogy is. What two situations does the cartoon
compare? Once you understand the main analogy, decide if this
comparison makes the cartoonist’s point more clear to you.
Irony
Irony is the difference between the ways things are and the way
things should be, or the way things are expected to be. Cartoonists
often use irony to express their opinion on an issue.
When you look at a cartoon, see if you can find any irony in the
situation the cartoon depicts. If you can, think about what point the
irony might be intended to emphasize. Does the irony help the
cartoonist express his or her opinion more effectively?
