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Category 11 Aerial Application Review
questions with answers
What action must you complete before dropping in over any obstructions on swath approach? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Turnaround Do not make turns over the following at any time? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Residences, poultry houses, livestock, and ponds/reservoirs. Minimum altitude you must maintain during ferrying flights? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ 500ft AGL When ferrying never fly directly over what kind of buildings? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Farm buildings During ferrying flights it is good practice to do what on each new run? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Deviate course 1/8-1/4 of a miles from your previous course Aerial application equipment is calibrated according to what metric? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ APM or Acres per minute DGPS-mediated flow controllers do what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Adjust flow dependent on aircraft speed
Application height is the distance between what two things? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ nozzle tip/spreader exit plant canopy Small droplet sprays require what sort of application heights? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Application heights of 8-10ft above canopy for droplet sizes in the 150-200 micron range What sort of water could you use for spray pattern testing? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Dyed water When spray pattern testing with oil based test liquid, what sort of cards should be used? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Oil sensitive cards Effective swath is: - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ The span of the spray pattern that contains enough pesticide to obtain the desired result/pest control Overall swath is: - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ The outermost range that spray droplets within your pattern will reach but are not enough to result in satisfactory pest control In what type of outdoor conditions is it best to perform spray pattern testing? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Low wind conditions generally in the
What are the different types of ground crew members? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ -On site field crew -Mix/load crew -Application equipment servicing crew What jobs do the On Site Field Crew perform? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ -Current weather conditions -Topographical feature awareness -Location and dimension of ground based hazards -Buffer zone delineations -Other factors affecting the job The process of "Reregistration" refers to what practice by the EPA? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Reviewing of older pesticides (those registered before November 1984_ to ensure that they meet current scientific and regulatory standards. What process may lead to the changing of pesticide labeling on a product you have been using for years? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ "Reregistration" performed by the EPA What is the most likely route of pesticide exposure for aerial applicators? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Dermal
Is it true that different handling activities (mixing, loading, applying, cleaning equipment etc) may require different PPE? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ YES, TRUE The effect of any pesticide depends on which two factors? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ -Amount of chemical absorbed -Size of the organism receiving the chemical The measurement of: -The amount of chemical absorbed -The size of the organism receiving the chemical Is referred to as what term? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Dosage When referring to "dosage" the amount of chemical is measured in what form? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Milligrams(mg) When referring to "dosage" the size of the recipient is measured in what form? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Kilograms(kg) This example illustrates what key concept? "a single grain of salt will injure an ant, but not a human" - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Dosage
Common symptoms of external exposure to pesticides may include? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ -Blisters, rash, and or burns -Swelling or stinging sensation Common symptoms of pesticide poisoning may include? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ -headache, dizziness, muscle weakness -Nausea, vomiting, changes in heart rate -Seizures, tightness in the chest -Cramping, mental confusion Cholinesterase is essential for what in the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Regulation of nerve impulses What two types of pesticides can effect cholinesterase in the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ -Organophosphates -Carbamates When should your doctor perform a baseline cholinesterase test? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ During the off season when exposure to organophosphates is low or non existent. When should your doctor perform cholinesterase test to determine if your exposure level to organophosphates is too high? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ During the spray season when exposure potential is high.
What member of a spray operation is at the greatest risk for pesticide exposure? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Ground crew members. Does sweaty skin absorb more or less pesticide than dry skin? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ More A service crew member is considered_________ until a spray rig/parts are cleaned and rinsate is managed? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ A pesticide handler When others are present, the first step in a poisoning emergency is to? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Call an ambulance, poison control center, or doctor depending on the situation. If skin from pesticide exposure has started to blister, what should you NOT do? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Towel dry the effected area. Do not apply what to a chemically burned skin? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Ointment, Grease, Spray How long should you rinse an eye that has been exposed to a pesticide? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ 15-20 minutes total, if victim wears contact lenses, remove after the first 5 minutes of rinsing Signs of shock from pesticide exposure? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ -Pale, cold, moist, clammy skin
Nontarget crops, humans or domestic animal habitats and wildlife environments may be harmed by what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Pesticide drift What governs the legal use of a pesticide? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ The target site, NOT the target pest Can you legally apply a pesticide to a site not mentioned on a label if you are targeting a pest permitted by the label? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ NO, because the target site is what determines legal use of a product. What is the single most important factor affecting drift? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Droplet size What is spray drift? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ The PHYSICAL movement of spray particles through the air at the time of a pesticide application. What movement types are NOT considered pesticide drift? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ -Erosion -Migration -Volitility -Windblown contaminated soils Spray droplet size is affected by: - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ The: -Equipment
-Formulation -Adjuvents selected -Weather conditions Spray droplets are generally measured in: - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Microns The measurement of a micron is what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ one millionth of a meter Spray droplets of what size are not visible to the unaided eye? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Less than 100 microns Droplets with diameters of 150 microns are similar in size to? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ The diameter of a human hair Droplets of what size make up most drifting pesticides? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Less than 150 microns The "droplet size spectrum" of a given nozzle is? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ The entire range of droplet sizes that it emits Dry fog is generally what micron measurement? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ 5 micron
Another term for settling velocity is? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Fall Rate Settling velocity is generally roughly proportional to what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ The square of a droplets diameter. The settling velocity of a 200 micron droplet is? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ 231 feet/minute The settling velocity of a 20 micron droplet is - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ 2.4 feet/minute What can you adjust to alter spray droplet size? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ -Nozzle type -Orifice diameter -Spray pattern angle -Travel speed -Spray pressure -Nozzle mounting angle What are a few of the common nozzle types used in aerial application? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ -Cone -Fan -Straight stream -Rotary atomizers
Which spray pattern angle is less likely to create drift prone droplets, 80 or 110 degree? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ 80 degree Which spray pattern is less likely to produce drift prone droplets, conical or fan? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Fan pattern What influence does air shear have on spray droplets? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Causes droplets to collide with each other an break up, creating a greater number of drift prone droplets. How should nozzles be angled to avoid disruption by air shear? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ In the same direction as the air flow, generally straight back for a fixed wing aircraft. When applying pesticides aerially, what can you do to create the lest drift possible? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Apply using the slowest speed you can safely operate at. Increasing spray pressure causes what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ -Spray droplets to become smaller -A larger proportion of the spray to become drift prone To double your spray output using pressure, what sort of increase to pump pressure must you have? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ The pressure must be quadrupled
An Invert Emulsion is? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ A water soluble substance suspended in an oil diluent and oil carrier. Inver Emulsions have what defining characteristics? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ -Thick and creamy -Do not readily evaporate or break up into small droplets What is the main purpose of adjuvants? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ To increase a pesticides effectiveness or safety Spray adjuvants alter what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ The PHYSICAL characteristics of a liquid as it leaves the nozzle, hits the target, or both A surfactant is an example of what variety of spray additive? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Adjuvant Adding a surfactant will do what to the characteristics of a spray mix? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ -Change the proportion of the spray emitted as a particular droplet size -Change the total spray droplet spectrum produced by the nozzle tip Surfactants act in what way? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Reduce the surface tension of a liquid and promote the formation of small droplets. Thickening agents are also referred to as? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Viscosity modifiers
The terms "tank mix" or "spray mix" generally refer to what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ A mixture of several different a.i's, several formulations, and one or more adjuvant that are combined by at least one diluent or carrier. What is Microweather? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ The weather conditions at ground level or within the plant canopy at or near the target site. What does very stable air indicate? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ A temperature inversion What is a temperature inversion? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ When the air above is warmer than the air below. When the air above the target increases in temperature, it rises carrying spray droplets with it. True of False: When temperature increases the potential for spray drift increases? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ TRUE True or False: Unstable air is preferable for spray applications? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ TRUE What is Relative Humidity? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ RH indicates the extent to which an air sample is saturated by water.
Landmark navigation generally uses what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ A combination of man made objects, flag crews, and similar items to direct an aircraft. What is a problem with dead reckoning navigation? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Generally too crude to be useful for precision aerial application of pesticides. What is LORAN generally considered? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Back up technology for gps What are the THREE segments of GPS technology? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ -Space segment:24 orbiting satellites -Control segment: 5 on the ground tracking stations -User segment: individual GPS receivers How often do GPS satellites orbit the earth? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Every 12 hrs The Control Segment of GPS consists of 5 tracking stations located where?
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ -Hawaii -Ascension Island -Diego Garcia -Kwajalein -Colorado Springs
Which tracking station is the "master station"? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ The Station in Colorado Springs What is the job of the GPS Master Station? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ To send corrections for orbital location and clock data to all the satellites. What does a GPS receiver receive? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Detect signals from four satellites, which then plot the receivers location in three dimensional space, x/y/z. The signal from the fourth satellite provides a "time check" verification of the other tree positional calculations. What sector of the government maintains the GPS system? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ The Department of Defense. What signal is available for civilian GPS? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Coarse Acquisition (C/A). What does DGPS technology do? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Reduce the effect of the C/A signal data error to a minimum of (usually) less than 1 meter. DGPS uses two of what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ Receivers: -A stationary receiver as a reference point
