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CBEST READING Test Completely
Solved
- ANS--chronological -thematic -dramatic -alphabetical -geographical -cause and effect -question and answers "official" or articulately-written - ANS-statements digressive or irrelevant passage reading EXAMPLE: How Abraham Lincoln got elected and talking about policies and how it gave him support of his northerners. ANSWER: not related to issues of how he got elected. *sounds well written but not relevant to the paragraph ( although, and, because) - ANS-EXAMPLE: The quarter back could not throw as well as usual _______his shoulder was injured. ANSWER: *because most likely: direct relationship he cant throw well because his shoulder is injured. *the next part explains why (and, even if, when) - ANS-EXAMPLE: I think the road trip to Memphis will be fun _________ the concert is sold out. ANSWER: *even if most logical: taking road trip is fun even if the other thing turns out to be true the concert being sold out. (while, and, however) - ANS-EXAMPLE: The patient listened to music_______ the dentist was cleaning her teeth.
ANSWER: *while represents: something is going on while something is happening. appropriate addition - ANS-different paragraphs as for Lincolns election some are about his economic and relationship with political party. EXAMPLE: add a sentence to, relationship to political party. specifically with paragraph you are suppose to add to. only focus on that section you need to add information too. assumption - ANS-something that we are building our statement on that we are looking at as a fact but no supporting evidence behind it. EXAMPLE: " all life forms are carbon-based, therefore life cannot exist on planets that do not contain at least some amount of carbon." ^ this is a assumption. may be true but no direct proof of that so that is an assumption. assumptions - ANS-made by the author: may be reasonable and may be correct. NOT clear supporting evidence. Ex. we believe to be a fact even though there is not clear supporting evidence. assumptions vs. opinions - ANS-EXAMPLE: grapefruits are the most delicious fruit.
- this is my opinion (that's not assumption) *assumption seem to be a fact but no evidence for. authors POV - ANS-asked to summarize authors point of view? 1st person: person telling the story is in the story. (character in the story) 3rd person: someone outside the story telling you the story. ex. narrator not in the story is telling you the story. avoid choosing statements - ANS-too broad or sweeping avoid choosing statements that are not supported in some way by the information given in the passage.
EXAMPLE: People who have a cold got different amounts of sleep every night. the people who some of them got 8 hours of sleep some got 4 hours of sleep at night. the people who got 8 hours of sleep got more to sleep. A. getting more sleep at night is helpful and fighting off illness (true based on our knowledge) B. the people based on research people who got more sleep is more likely to fight off the cold. look for evidence given in the passage and that answer will be true. connectives - ANS-words or phrases that join various ideas together. -connecting different ideas. what is it saying about relationship within two ideas? DENOUEMENT - ANS-falling action that happens after the climax. EX. what happens with characters years later. ETHOS - ANS--celebrity endorsement -"plain folks" endorsement *talk to regular people on the street ethos - ANS-the appeal to the credibility of the speaker. EXAMPLE: I'm a doctor I'm going to tell you something about your health. *gives you more Etho how credible you are as a speaker exaggeration - ANS-probably not true EXAMPLE: that man was as big as a house. *not true but understand the meaning of the expression. Example of a persuasive techniques you see in advertising today - ANS-IMAGES: celebrity endorsement wealthy people smoking cigarettes' (snob appeal) exposition -> inciting incident-> rising action-> climax -> denouement - ANS-see this a lot in story telling and fiction.
Example: -movie jaws EXPOSTION - ANS-beg. location setting, meet main characters we are learning about this world where the story takes place. expressions and common figures of speech - ANS-certain words or phrases within a passage
- many definitions best way to use in passage. extrapolation and application - ANS-may be asked to: apply what you've learned or extrapolate: what would likely be true in a given scenario based on the information provided in the passage. EXAMPLE: what you learned and amply to another scenario. facts - ANS-has actual existence presented as a piece of information FACTS ARE OBJECTIVE (not bias) taking another's opinion EX. Sacramento is in the state of California (no argument to go against) facts and opinion complete certainty - ANS-it is something has actual existence and is usually presented as a piece of information facts and opinions examples - ANS--Tiger woods is the best golfer in the world. (OPINION)
- The New York Yankees have won more world series games than any other baseball team. (FACT -this is either true or not true)
- Modern medicine is an improvement over the medical techniques used in medieval times. (OPINION) -most people will agree with this)
Logic - ANS-figure out what will be best thing to fill in logical flow between ideas. the best answer is one which gives continuity to the passage logical flow.
- this idea leads to this idea and to this one builds on each other that makes sense. Logic question example - ANS-what is being said before and after blank space. what is missing link between these two ideas? Sweeping generalizations - ANS-makes an oversimplified statement about a group based on limited information RED FLAGS: -all of something -never true -never does -none -always (these extremes are not the case) Theme - ANS-the main idea "what the passage is about" Thesis Statement - ANS-similar to a theme, but usually applies to argumentative writing. "main point the writer is trying to make" thesis statement - ANS-supporting arguments and details --> closing summary Example:
- Disneyland is the best theme park in California. fast pass don't have to wait in line (support arguments) as we seen best rides no waiting in lines its clear Disneyland is best theme park in California. (closing summary) title - ANS-the key choosing the best title for a passage is to choose the title that "best reflects the central idea of the passage." the title need not be the flashiest choice. KEY THING ITS DESCRIBING WILL LEAD YOU TO THE BEST TITLE tone - ANS-what is the author's view of the subject? written for people who like:
-comedy -thriller for the intended audience topic sentence - ANS-the central idea of what that paragraph is about. sometimes the first sentence, not always ex. sentence 3, main point of the paragraph. vocabulary/word passage - ANS-KEY THING: give you different definitions of a word. some may be correct but not correct of how its used in a passage. what is the authors outlook how they see the subject? - ANS-how do they see this subject. Example: Summers were always a lot of fun for me. _____________ The only down side was I got a lot of sunburns. A. I was off school (doesn't make clear transition) ANSWER: B. During my time off I often hung out at the beach. ( connects the idea of summer being fun and the downside of getting sunburned) looks for something that logically flows. LOGOS - ANS--description of product features *bandwagon convincing people -product comparison logos - ANS-the appeal to logic EXAMPLE: Does the point to someone making make sense why does something happen if you do a certain thing? numeric data - ANS-"reading for detail" additional info you have to take into account Opinion - ANS-(Here's what I think and here's why I think it.)
-snob appeal *emotions -bandwagon *group of people -appeal to individualism *emotions opposite of bandwagon Pathos - ANS-the appeal to emotion EXAMPLE: we don't solve problem right away we are going to lose our home and go broke. *appeal to fear, joy emotional response persuasive techniques/styles - ANS-give passage: what technique did the author in this passage use to pursue you? -ethos -pathos -logos best arguments tend to use elements of all three of these. -commercials -political -emotion way -logical sense points supporting an argument - ANS-you will be asked to find key supporting points of an argument? PROBLEM -> SOLUTION - ANS-see passage here's a problem we encounter with this city on parking meters? ex. describe parking meter in detail. (first set up problem and describe it in detail) Purpose and intended audience - ANS-ask you what is your purpose or who is the audience of the writing reading for detail - ANS-read back through entire passage before selecting an answer. -last part of the passage -most memorable part may mislead you if you do not pay close attention to all the info given. reasonable - ANS-there is typically no reasonable argument against a fact.
*facts are objective relevant information - ANS-will be asked: what sentence might be added to a certain part of a passage. start by summarizing what the paragraph is actually about. RISING ACTION - ANS-main conflict of the battle they think they got the shark but killed someone else. (the back and forth battle) structure/ organization - ANS-prose works can be organized in a variety of ways. style and diction - ANS-vocabulary is simple, high-level, academic, conversational? jargon: terms used in certain field. formal: publication informal: write to friend Subject matter - ANS-would this topic be appropriate? ex. is this a general news story? general audience? (for scientist, teach children) summarize - ANS-which of the following statements will be the best summary of the passage? KEEP IN MIND: comprehension : all main points, key parts, previous statements, what was said already main point of what was trying to be said. SUMMARIZE WHAT WAS IN THE PASSAGE? summarize AVOID - ANS-AVOID: -statements that add something new to, or expand on, the statements -statements that omit essential elements or place undue weight -KEY THEME they didn't cover has to be comprehensive LOOK FOR: viewpoint immediately supported by the passage -you feel would be most appropriate EXAMPLE: Someone can have a argument against slavery? which is this authors point of view?
