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CBMT STUDY SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE
GRADED A+
โ reversal design (ABAB design). Answer: A single subject, applied behavior analysis design which generally involves observing behavior during baseline, treatment, a return to baseline, and treatment reapplied. โ Psychodynamic treatment model. Answer: By Freud; unconscious material is root of problems, focuses on analysis of thought; free association and Rorschach test โ Biomedical treatment model. Answer: biological factors are the underlying cause of disorders โ successive approximations. Answer: Behaviors which gradually resemble the target behavior or terminal objective โ schedule of reinforcement. Answer: The behavioral requirements for a reinforcing stimulus to be delivered. Schedules may be fixed or variable based on interval or ratio criteria โ Fading. Answer: The gradual removal of all explicit prompts or cues in an attempt to maintain the behavior on its own
โ Holistic theory. Answer: Evaluation of emotional, physical, spiritual, psychological, and social dimensions because all make up the whole person โ Behavioral treatment model. Answer: By Skinner. All behaviors are learned, so all behaviors can be unlearned or replaced by new behaviors. Task analysis and reinforcement schedule โ reinforcement schedule. Answer: fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, variable interval โ classical conditioning. Answer: Pavlovian technique pairing neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus โ randomized group design. Answer: Experimental design that randomly assigns subjects to treatment or control conditions to compare performance โ occipital lobe. Answer: Region of the cerebral cortex that processes vision and perception โ monoplegia. Answer: paralysis of one limb โ paraplegia. Answer: paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
โ discrimination. Answer: Ability to tell difference between stimuli โ DAP. Answer: Sandardized form of note taking. Data, assessment, plan โ SOAP. Answer: Standardized form of note taking. Subjective, objective, assessment, plan โ MMPI. Answer: The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Assesses personality traits and psychopathology. Primarily used for diagnosis โ Countertransference. Answer: The therapist projection of own feelings, ideas, and desires about other people and/or things onto the client โ Down Syndrome. Answer: Congenital abnormality of trisomy 21 gene (extra chromosome) resulting in developmental disability and physical abnormalities โ Hyperactivity. Answer: Increased and/or excessive muscular activity โ positive reinforcement. Answer: the presentation of a stimulus resulting in an increase in the behavior it follows
โ Hyperacusis. Answer: Extreme sensitivity to sounds. Associated with a responsiveness to music and an ability to make fine auditory discriminations โ validity. Answer: the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure โ presbycusis. Answer: Age-related gradual hearing loss โ Insight Therapy. Answer: An approach to psychotherapy whose objective is awareness of causes or motivation for behavior which, then, leads to control over the behavior and improve of one's condition โ Orff-Schulwerk. Answer: An approach to music education by Carl Orff which emphasizes creative experience, natural abilities and sounds, the pentatonic scale and ostinati patterns. โ Paired-associate. Answer: The presentation of one word as a stimulus for the recall of a second word. โ Psychiatric musicology. Answer: A music therapy approach which uses music as a metaphor for examining relationships. โ Psychodynamic Therapy. Answer: A system of psychotherapy based on an individual's unconscious motivation and past experience
โ Phenomenological. Answer: Perceived through subjective reality, as opposed to physically and objectively โ transactional analysis. Answer: Eric Berne's psychotherapy which proposes the examination of interactions in terms of explicit roles and games as a method of recognizing and understanding behavior patterns โ temporal lobe. Answer: A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing, language, and memory โ parietal lobe. Answer: A region of the cerebral cortex which processes sensations, language, perception, body awareness, and attention โ Hemiplegia. Answer: paralysis of one side of the body โ Diplegia. Answer: paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body, typically involving the legs โ Eclectic treatment model. Answer: Integrates the benefits of several approaches โ Treatment models of music therapy. Answer: - Behavioral
- Psychodynamic
- Humanistic
- Eclectic
- humanistic/existential
- holistic
- neuroscience โ music therapy approaches. Answer: - Orff
- Nordoff Robins
- Vibroacoustic
- Bonny Method of Guided Imagery in Music
- Behavioral approach
- Neurological
- Culture centered
- Community
- Improvisational
- Medical
- Psychoynamic
- Developmental โ aphasia. Answer: Communication disorder resulting from brain damage. Symptoms include difficulty producing language (retrieval, substitutions, switching sounds, made up words), difficulty understanding language (pragmatic/sarcastic trouble, understanding others, understanding with background noise), and difficulty reading
โ Spastic dysarthria. Answer: Damage to upper motor neurons. Increased muscle tone but less flexibility and lack of coordination โ Pressured speech. Answer: Symptoms often found among individuals a manic episode. Individual is extremely talkative and may feel and irresistible urge to keep talking. โ Echolalia. Answer: Disordered language with repetition of what the subject reads ex. A: How are you, B? B: How are you, B? โ spina bifida. Answer: Orthopedic impairment and possible paralysis if membrane/tissue sacs open spinal cord
- Congenital defect in spinal column; "pouching" of spinal membranes or tissue, disrupting spinal cord
- Hydrocephalus โ hydrocephalus. Answer: Fluid buildup in/around the brain, requires a shunt to drain fluid โ muscular dystrophy. Answer: Progressive weakness of all muscles in the body. Can be attributed to degeneration of muscle cells and their replacement by fat and fibrous tissue โ hyptonia. Answer: lack of muscle tone
โ central hearing loss. Answer: Hearing loss due to damage to or impairment of the brain or central nervous system โ conductive hearing loss. Answer: Hearing loss caused by disease or obstruction in outer or middle ear โ cerebral aneurysm. Answer: Bulge in the wall of an artery in the brain caused by weakness of artery tissue โ dyspnea. Answer: shortness of breath โ amusia. Answer: Loss of musical skills due to processing deficits โ anoxia. Answer: Deprivation of oxygen to the brain because of disease or trauma โ phenyketonuria (PKU). Answer: Genetic metabolic disorder that causes sever brain damage due to the body's inability to break down the chemical phenylalonine โ Stroke (apoplexy). Answer: blockage of the blood supply to the brain which may be transient and temporary or severe resulting in paralysis, aphasia (a speech disorder), or incontinence (loss of bowel control). Either ischemic or demorrhagic โ ischemic. Answer: Clot in blodd vessel that supplies blood to brain
โ Neurological condition. Answer: Affects central nervous system. Further classified as traumatic (due to accident or abuse) or nontraumatic (due to disease or congenital) โ muskuloskeletal condition. Answer: due to disease or defect in muscles or bones โ osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Answer: Autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue characterized by brittle bones that fracture easily โ tactile defensiveness. Answer: Being overly responsive to the sense of touch, especially in case of another person's touch โ cerebral palsy. Answer: Series of disorders characterized by problems in movement, posture, and loss of voluntary muscle control. Caused by brain injury early in life โ conduct disorder. Answer: Persistent patter of behavior characterized by the break of social norms. Serious violations, aggression, destruction, or deceitfulness โ disruptive behavior disorder. Answer: A type of conduct disorder characterized by oppositional and defiant behavior which does not meet criteria for other conduct disorders
โ Huntington's disease. Answer: An inherited disorder affecting the central nervous system and causing involuntary movements and contortions. May also cause cognitive decline and behavioral symptoms โ Parkinson's disease. Answer: A chronic nervous system disorder characterize by tremor, rigidity, and slow movements โ pervasive developmental disorders. Answer: A variety of mental/behavioral disorder without biological cause. ie. Autism, Rett Syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder โ Rett Syndrome. Answer: A disorder in which a child with normal early development loses manual dexterity, coordinated gait, social engagement, and language. Associated with severe psychomotor retardation and deceleration of head growth โ potential results of stroke. Answer: Paralysis, aphasia, inontinence โ Williams Syndrome. Answer: A neurobehavioral congenital disorder characterized by delayed motor development, mild to moderate mental retardation, and notable impairment in visual and spatial functioning. Children display hyperacusis, responsiveness to music, and a social and verbal fluency. โ Dysphoric. Answer: Having feelings of dejection, misery, and underestimation of self.
skills in aphasic patients and others requiring remediation in propositional language. โ negative punishment. Answer: the removal of a stimulus resulting in a decrease in behavior โ assimilation. Answer: Placing an item into a preexisting schema โ Accommodation. Answer: Creating a new schema upon learning new information โ Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Answer: Level 1 - Physiological Needs (food, water, sex) Level 2 - Safety and Security (shelter) Level 3 - Social (love, friends, belonging, family) Level 4 - Self Esteem Level 5 - Self Actualization (achieved potential) โ Fixed ratio. Answer: Scheduled reinforcement โ event recording. Answer: Counting the number of times a specific behavior occurs within a given time frame โ continuous recording. Answer: Observing and making note of all target behaviors that occur within a specific time frame
โ Preoperational stage. Answer: in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. Ability to pretend develops. Egocentric โ concrete operational stage. Answer: in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 12 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events. Characterized by increasing language skills and awareness of relationships among/between things. Improved social interaction and understanding of conversation โ formal operational stage. Answer: in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts โ sensorimotor stage. Answer: in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory experiences and motor activities. Object permanence and separation anxiety develop. โ Piaget's stages of cognitive development. Answer: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
โ Parent and Student Participation. Answer: IDEA Principle # Ensures parents' "students" rights to participate in the development, implementation, and decision-making process related to education services and placement โ procedural due process. Answer: IDEA Principle # Process by which parents can challenge a decision made by the schools, consisting of procedural guidelines to protect students with disabilities from practices that deny their rights under IDEA โ Principles of IDEA. Answer: 1. Zero Reject
- Nondiscriminatory Evaluation
- Appropriate Education
- Least Restrictive Environment
- Procedural Due Process
- Parent and Student Participation โ IDEA Categories. Answer: 1. Specific Learning Disability
- Speech/Language Impairment
- Other Health Impairments (OHI)
- Mental Retardation/Intellectual Impairment
- Emotional Disturbance
- Other Impairments/Disabilities
โ Sections of IDEA. Answer: Section A - basic foundation, defines terms used throughout act, creates Office of Special Education Programs Section B - educational guidelines, provides funding for state and local districts if they follow 6 principles of IDEA Section C - early intervention (birth to 2 years). Creation of IFSP, parent participation, timely resolution/due process Section D - describes national activities to be undertaken to improve education of children with disabilities โ Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Answer: Legislation passed in 1990 that prohibits discrimination and ensures equal opportunity for persons with disabilities in employment, state, local government services, public accommodations, commercial facilities, and transportation. โ secondary aging. Answer: Stress, trauma, and disease that cause a person to age โ Abduction. Answer: movement of limbs outward/away from midline of body โ Adduction. Answer: Movement of limbs toward midline of body โ Cadence. Answer: In gait training, the degree to which a person's steps stay in rhythm
