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CBT- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Lecture notes of Psychology

Amity University - GurugramPsychology

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapeutic treatment that helps patients understand the thoughts and feelings that influence behaviors. CBT is commonly used to treat a wide range of disorders, including phobias, addictions, depression, and anxiety.

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COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL
THERAPY
Cognitive behavioral therapy or abbreviated as CBT is a form of
psychotherapy that treats and boosts happiness by modifying
dysfunctional emotions, behaviors and thoughts. It focuses on
solutions, encouraging patients to challenge distorted
cognitions and change destructive patterns of behavior.
It rests on the idea that thoughts and perceptions influence
behavior. Feeling distressed, in some cases may affect one’s
perception of reality. It aims to identify harmful thoughts.
Assess whether they are an accurate depiction of reality and if
they are not employ strategies to challenge to overcome them.
This therapy is appropriate for people of all ages, including
children, adolescents and adults.
It benefits numerous conditions such as major depressive
disorder, eating disorders , obsessive compulsive disorder and
many others.
CBT focuses on challenging and changing unhelpful cognitive
distortions and behaviors improving emotional regulation and
the development of personal coping strategies that target
solving current problems.
CBT is a "problem-focused" and "action-oriented" form of
therapy, meaning it is used to treat specific problems related to
a diagnosed mental disorder.
HISTORY
Cognitive therapy was pioneered by Dr. Aaron beck in 1960. He
designed it by carrying out several experiments to test
psychoanalytic concepts of depression. As result of his
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COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL

THERAPY

Cognitive behavioral therapy or abbreviated as CBT is a form of

psychotherapy that treats and boosts happiness by modifying

dysfunctional emotions, behaviors and thoughts. It focuses on

solutions, encouraging patients to challenge distorted

cognitions and change destructive patterns of behavior.

It rests on the idea that thoughts and perceptions influence

behavior. Feeling distressed, in some cases may affect one’s

perception of reality. It aims to identify harmful thoughts.

Assess whether they are an accurate depiction of reality and if

they are not employ strategies to challenge to overcome them.

This therapy is appropriate for people of all ages, including

children, adolescents and adults.

It benefits numerous conditions such as major depressive

disorder, eating disorders , obsessive compulsive disorder and

many others.

CBT focuses on challenging and changing unhelpful cognitive

distortions and behaviors improving emotional regulation and

the development of personal coping strategies that target

solving current problems.

CBT is a "problem-focused" and "action-oriented" form of

therapy, meaning it is used to treat specific problems related to

a diagnosed mental disorder.

HISTORY

Cognitive therapy was pioneered by Dr. Aaron beck in 1960. He

designed it by carrying out several experiments to test

psychoanalytic concepts of depression. As result of his

experiments he started conceptualising depression in other

ways. He found that depressed patients experienced streams of

negative thoughts that seemed to arise spontaneously. Dr. Beck

began helping patients identify and evaluate these automatic thoughts. He found that by doing so, patients were able to think more realistically. As a result, they felt better emotionally and were able to behave more functionally. When patients changed their underlying beliefs about themselves, their world and other people, therapy resulted in long-lasting change. Dr. Beck called this approach “cognitive therapy.” It has also become known as “cognitive behaviour therapy.”

His theory states that childhood experiences provided by the family and the society develop CORE SCHEMAS or systems which include beliefs and action patterns in the individual. Thus a client who was neglected by the parents as a child , develop core schemas of “ I am not wanted.” During the course of life , a critical incident occurs in her/his life. He/she is publicly ridiculed by the teacher in school. This critical incident triggers in core schema of “I am not wanted” leading to the development of negative automatic thoughts.

Negative thoughts such as “nobody loves me” , “I am ugly” , “I am stupid” , “I will not succeed” etc. are characterised by cognitive distortions. Cognitive distortions are ways of thinking which are general in nature but which distort the reality in a negative manner. These pattern of thought are called DYSFUNCTIONAL COGNITIVE STRUCTURE.

Repeated occurrence of these thoughts leads to development of feelings of anxiety and depression. The therapist uses questioning , which is gentle , non- threating disputation of client’s beliefs and thoughts. An example of such questions would be ,” Why should everyone love you?” , “ What does it mean to you to succeed?” the questions make the client think in direction opposite to that of negative automatic thoughts whereby she/he gains INSIGHT into the nature of her/his dysfunctional schemas and is able to alter her/his cognitive structure. The aim of therapy is to achieve this cognitive restructuring which in turn reduces anxiety and depression.