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CCEP exam NEWEST 2025 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
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high risk @ moderate & vigorous intensity: what/who is neededexam, exercise test & MD supervision prior to exercise - CORRECT ANSWER- medical
moderate risk @ vigorous intensity: what/who is neededexam prior to exercise - CORRECT ANSWER- only medical
low risk @ moderate & vigorous intensity: what/who is needed - CORRECT ANSWER- nothing moderate risk @ moderate intensity: what/who is needed - CORRECT ANSWER- nothing which patients (risk stratified) can be supervised by non-physician health care professionals ifprofessionals are specifically trained in CET & physician is readily/immediately available? - CORRECT ANSWER- immediately available all risk groups can be; low risk can be supervised w/o physician
who should have PFT's done?with dyspnea - CORRECT ANSWER- all smokers <45y.o & anyone presenting
ECG monitoring during test - CORRECT ANSWER- recorded last 15secs of each stage
BP monitoring during test - CORRECT ANSWER- measured/recorded last 45secs of each stage HR monitoring during test - CORRECT ANSWER- recorded last 5secs of each stage ECG monitoring after testpost exercise, during last 15secs of 1st minute then every 2 minutes thereafter - CORRECT ANSWER- monitored continuously, recorded immediately
BP monitoring after testthen every 2 minutes thereafter - CORRECT ANSWER- measured & recorded immediately post exercise
HR monitoring after testlast 5secs of each minute - CORRECT ANSWER- monitored continuously then recorded during
technetium (tc) -99mfixed & reversible perfusion abnormalities as well as differentiation; permits higher does with - CORRECT ANSWER- comparison of rest & stress imaging permits ID of less radiation exposure; preferred imaging agent thallum 201lack/inadequate blood flow is; shows images of inadequate perfusion - CORRECT ANSWER- circulates myocardium showing images of where
dobutaminetherefore myocardial O2 demand; infused intravenously with dose increased gradually until - CORRECT ANSWER- elicits wall motion abnormalities by increasing HR & maximal does or endpoint is acheived adenosine (dipyridamole)normal epicardial arteries; rest images then compared with imaging obtain after coronary - CORRECT ANSWER- causes maximal coronary vasodilation in vasodilation
severe <. ABI's post-exercise - CORRECT ANSWER- normal No change moderate >. mod. severe >. severe <. **rest for 15 minutes post-exercise, then calculate again PAD FITT - CORRECT ANSWER- weight-bearing 3-5 days/week, resistance > 30-60 minutes where to place AED pad on patient with permanent pacemaker?CPR immediately/call 911) at least 1 inch (2.54cm) away from device; place one pad on R center - CORRECT ANSWER- (start of chest above nipple & place other slightly below other nipple to L of ribcage most common serious problem for diabetics? - CORRECT ANSWER- hypoglycemia (<70) what should you do if someone is hypoglycemic?recheck after 10 minutes, then again until >90 - CORRECT ANSWER- give 15-20g CHO,
what should you take into consideration if you see a trend of hypoglycemia in a particularpatient? - CORRECT ANSWER- timing of exercise; with those with insulin, changing timing, decrease insulin dose, or increase CHO consumption **will all help prevent hypoglycemia
when to supply supplemental oxygen for pulmonary patientsless than 88% while on room air - CORRECT ANSWER- anything
EKG lead I - CORRECT ANSWER- lateral lead EKG lead II - CORRECT ANSWER- inferior lead EKG lead III - CORRECT ANSWER- inferior lead EKG avR - CORRECT ANSWER- right side EKG avL - CORRECT ANSWER- left & lateral EKG avF - CORRECT ANSWER- frontal EKG V1-V2 - CORRECT ANSWER- septal (anterior) EKG V3-V4 - CORRECT ANSWER- anterior EKG V5-V6 - CORRECT ANSWER- lateral MI in V1-V3 - CORRECT ANSWER- anteroseptal MI in V3-V4 - CORRECT ANSWER- anterior (localized)
how is HIV transmitted?fluids (sexual contact) or injection drug use. ex: blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk - CORRECT ANSWER- through direct contact with someone's body
chronotropic incompetenceits rate commensurate with increase activity/demand - CORRECT ANSWER- broadly defines inability of heart to increase
type I muscle fibersendurance movements such as distance running - CORRECT ANSWER- slow-twitch, help enable lower intensity, higher
type IIa muscle fiberspowerful movements such as sprinting, used more during sustained power activities such as - CORRECT ANSWER- fast-twitch, fatigue faster, but are used in more velocity and are more resistant to fatigue muscles used during heel raisebiceps femoris - CORRECT ANSWER- semimembranosus, semitendinosus,
video on mouthpiece; what is incorrect?into mouth making sure air doesn't escape - CORRECT ANSWER- needs to be pushed all the way
most common place to find pulse - CORRECT ANSWER- radial & carotid shoulder movement during seated cable row - CORRECT ANSWER- retraction echo is used to determine what? - CORRECT ANSWER- myocardial contractility transmural MI - CORRECT ANSWER- all heart muscle
transient MIstroke (FACE) - CORRECT ANSWER- NSTEMI on EKG, stroke-like, resembles signs/symptoms of
old MI - CORRECT ANSWER- observation of Q waves, absence of ST elevation evolving MI - CORRECT ANSWER- ST elevation type IIb muscle fibersrecruited for very short-duration high-intensity bursts of power such as maximal and near- - CORRECT ANSWER- fast-twitch fibers, or fast glycolytic fibres, are maximal lifts and short sprints List the three things Helper T-cells do once they have been turned on.stimulate cytotoxic T- cells - CORRECT ANSWER- 1.) 2.) Stimulate B cells to produce antibodies3.) stimulate macrophages
What are the four immunoglobulins? Describe them.largest responder, primary immune response, pentamer - CORRECT ANSWER- IgM - primary and IgG-secondary response, passive immunity ( cross placental barrier) IgA- breast milk , tears and saliva secretions (dimer) IgD-Surface body antigensIgE-allergic reactions , parasitic infections
List the 4 types of Hypersensitivities. - CORRECT ANSWER- ACID A: anaphylaxis- immediate C: cytotoxic: antibody/antigen-> cell lysis I: immune complex ( antigen, antibody and complement system)
2.) increased permeability 3.) exudation 4.) diapedesis List 5 Autoimmune diseases. - CORRECT ANSWER- RA myesthenia gravischrohn's graves MS List the two types of mutations that can occur in DNA. - CORRECT ANSWER- Frameshift point mutation List and describe the different types of necrosisbreakup of tissues d/t bacterial infection - CORRECT ANSWER- -Liquefication: watery
- coagulation: coagulation of cells d/t sudden loss of blood -caseous: cheesy material accumulation d/t infection (TB)
- gummatous- accumulation of gummy material ( d/t syphilis)
- Fat: death of adipose d/t fat splitting enzymes (Soaponification)
- gangrenous: death of cells in an extremity d/t ischemia or bacterial infection Dystrophic calcification vs Metastatic calcificationtissue due to accumulation of calcium and other mineral salts - CORRECT ANSWER- dystrophic: damaged metastatic: increased calcium in normal tissue d/t systemic problem ( hypercalemia)
Autosomal dominantdwarfism are what type of inheritance pattern? - CORRECT ANSWER- Marfan Syndrome, Ehler-danlos, acondroplasia,
Autosomal recessivetay sachs are what type of inheritance pattern? - CORRECT ANSWER- Phenylketonuria, Wilson's, albinism, osteoporosis,
sex- linkedand duchenne muscular dystrophy are what type of inheritance pattern? - CORRECT ANSWER- partial color blindness, hemophilia A and diabetes insipidus,
Multifactorialhypertension are what type of inheritance pattern? - CORRECT ANSWER- Gout, Diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and
name and describe the 3 types of goiters?levels of iodine, lack of thyroid hormones - CORRECT ANSWER- Endemic: hypothyroidism: low Toxic: hyperthyroidism( graves) nodular: hyperthyroidism (tumor in thyroid gland, unilateral) immobilization of a joint? - CORRECT ANSWER- 1.) atrophy 2.) decreased ROM 3.) instability4.) decreased blood supply
opsonizationpathogen - CORRECT ANSWER- antibody coats pathogen which induces phagocytosis of the
chemotaxischemical concentration gradient (WBC drawn to area of injury) - CORRECT ANSWER- directed mouvement of cell or organism guided by a specific
sharpness of an image on a film - CORRECT ANSWER- what is radiographic resolution? difference between actual object and its image on a filmradiographic distortion? - CORRECT ANSWER- what is
radiographic density, contrast, resolution, distortionfactors? - CORRECT ANSWER- four image quality
inversely ( increased blackness w/ decreased object density)and radiographic density are _______________ proportional? - CORRECT ANSWER- radiodensity
goldilocksimage? - CORRECT ANSWER- what's the best amount of overall radiographic density on an
mAs - CORRECT ANSWER- How to get the radiographic density you want? mAs: quantity of electrons flowing in the tubeexposure factor? - CORRECT ANSWER- what is the quantatative
directly: increased mAs increases blacknessare ______- proportional - CORRECT ANSWER- mAs and radiographic density
great variations between adjacent densities is high and small variations is low ANSWER- high contrast vs low contrast - CORRECT
high contrast for bone and low contrast for visceravs. low contrast? - CORRECT ANSWER- when do you use high
kVp - CORRECT ANSWER- How do you control radiographic contrast? KvP - CORRECT ANSWER- what is known as the qualitative exposure factor? creates a stronger beam that penetrates al the tissue densities more uniformly and lowcontrast - CORRECT ANSWER- increasing kvp does what?
inversely: stronger beam creates low contrastcontrast are____________ proportional? - CORRECT ANSWER- Kvp and radiographic
motion, beam size, distances between tube, object and filmresolution is influenced by? - CORRECT ANSWER- radiographic
-source to image distance increased SID increased resolution) -object to image distance (increased OID decreases resolution)OID - CORRECT ANSWER- SID v.s
beam size, distances between tube, object and filmdistortion is influenced by? - CORRECT ANSWER- Radiographic
size and shape - CORRECT ANSWER- types of radiographic distortion?
line from posterior tip of the dens to posterior inferior corner of C normal =7-17 mm <7= hypolordotic
17 = hyperlordotic - CORRECT ANSWER- cervical lordosis depth method L1 superior endplate to sacral base w/ 2 perpendicular lines normal= 50-60 deg <50= hypolordosis 60= hyperlordosis - CORRECT ANSWER- lumbar lordosis angle method inferior surface of the acromion process and superior surface of the humeral head normal = 7-11mm - CORRECT ANSWER- Acromiohumeral joint space APOM, AP, lateral, R/L OBL - CORRECT ANSWER- standard csp series? lateral - CORRECT ANSWER- best view for ADI space? APOM - CORRECT ANSWER- best view for periodontal space? oblique for cervical and lateral or lumbar and thoracic? - CORRECT ANSWER- best view for IVFs
lumbar oblique - CORRECT ANSWER- best view of pars
lumbar oblique - CORRECT ANSWER- what view is needed for scotty dog? APOM, AP, Lateral, R/L oblique, flexion, extension - CORRECT ANSWER- Davis series? evaluates spondylolisthesis vis anterior inferior L5 body to sacral promontory ANSWER- Ullman's Line - CORRECT
spondlylolistheses, posterior inferior corner of L5scale? - CORRECT ANSWER- myerding grading
measured from posterior vertebral body to spinal laminar junction Sagittal Canal Dimension - CORRECT ANSWER-
preferred method for measuring scoliosis - CORRECT ANSWER- Cobb's angle calcification of the posterior Atlanta- occipital membranePonticle aka Ponticulus Posticus - CORRECT ANSWER- Posterior
non- union of sps ( occulta) - CORRECT ANSWER- spina bifida and most common form non-union of odontoid process - CORRECT ANSWER- os odontideum cervical vertebral fusion - CORRECT ANSWER- Klippel-Feil Syndrome non-descent of scapula - CORRECT ANSWER- Sprengle's deformity
Sup./Inf. Vena Cava R. Atrium R. AV valve (tricuspid) R. ventricle Pulmonary SL valvepulmonary trunk pulmonary arteries to the lungs pulmonary veins from lungs to L. atrium L. AV valve (mitral/bicuspid) L. ventricle Aortic SL valve aorta - CORRECT ANSWER- Follow a drop of blood through the heart systolic: pressure exerted on arterial walls during ventricular contraction diastolic pressure: pressure against arterial walls during ventricular relaxation ANSWER- systolic vs diastolic pressure - CORRECT
-Right upper sternal border (2nd ICS)= aortic valve -left lower sternal border (5th ICS)= tricuspid valve-Left mid clavicular line (5th intercostal space) = mitral valve -Left upper sternal border ( 2nd intercostal space)= pulmonary valve Stethoscope Positions for Heart Sounds - CORRECT ANSWER-
1st heart sound= closure of AV valves
2nd heart sound= closing of SL valves - CORRECT ANSWER- heart sounds tachy=>120 BPM brady = <60 - CORRECT ANSWER- Bradycardia vs. Tachycardia glomerular/ bowmans capsule-> proximal convoluted tubule -> descending tubule -> ascendingtubule -> Distal convoluted tubule -> collecting duct - CORRECT ANSWER- nephron pathway
glucagon is released from alpha- cells in pancreaslevels response? - CORRECT ANSWER- low blood glucose
insulin is released from beta- cells of the pancreas and increased storage of glucose into fatcells to decreased blood glucose - CORRECT ANSWER- high blood glucose levels response?
Increased fatty acid oxidation resulting in an abnormal increase in ketone bodies ANSWER- What is ketosis? - CORRECT
found in type 1 diabetics when there isn't enough insulin and high blood glucose levels resultingin the production of harmful ketones - CORRECT ANSWER- what is metabolic keto acidosis?
in diabetic pts. it is the result of excessive production of non-volatile acids d/t sepsis results inpH less than 7 and inability of the body to form bicarbonate in the kidney - CORRECT ANSWER- metabolic acidosis PCT - CORRECT ANSWER- section of the nephron most permeable to water?
