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CCJ 1020 Introduction to Criminal Justice Final
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- Which model assumes that the components of the criminal justice system work together harmoniously to achieve justice? A) Conflict Model B) Non-Intervention Model C) Rehabilitation Model D) Consensus Model The consensus model suggests all parts of the system cooperate to achieve justice, unlike the conflict model which suggests competition.
- What is the main purpose of criminal law? A) To rehabilitate offenders B) To maintain social order and protect citizens C) To maximize profits D) To increase crime rates Criminal law defines acceptable behavior and sets punishments to maintain order.
- Which type of crime is punishable by death or incarceration for more than one year?
A) Misdemeanor B) Violation C) Felony D) Infraction Felonies are the most serious crimes with severe penalties.
- What is the term for the formal, written accusation submitted to a court by a prosecutor? A) Warrant B) Indictment C) Plea D) Summons An indictment formally charges an individual with a crime.
- Which amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures? A) First B) Fifth C) Fourth D) Sixth The Fourth Amendment requires warrants for searches to protect privacy rights.
- The Miranda warning informs suspects of their: A) Right to bear arms B) Right to remain silent and have an attorney C) Right to a fair trial D) Right to vote
C) Nolo Contendere D) Alibi Nolo contendere means “no contest,” which can’t be used as an admission in civil court. 11.What is bail designed to ensure? A) Punishment B) Retribution C) Appearance in court D) Early release Bail is a financial guarantee that the defendant will return for trial. 12.Which of the following is an example of community corrections? A) Prison B) Jail C) Probation D) Death penalty Community corrections include non-incarceration sentences like probation or parole. 13.The idea that punishment should fit the crime is called: A) Rehabilitation B) Restoration C) Proportionality D) Recidivism Proportionality ensures fairness in sentencing.
14.Which term describes the repeat offending by previously convicted criminals? A) Rehabilitation B) Parole C) Recidivism D) Reintegration Recidivism measures the rate at which offenders reoffend. 15.Which landmark case established the exclusionary rule? A) Miranda v. Arizona B) Mapp v. Ohio C) Terry v. Ohio D) Gideon v. Wainwright Mapp v. Ohio applied the exclusionary rule to the states, barring illegally obtained evidence. 16.Which court handles the most criminal cases? A) Supreme Court B) Circuit Court C) Trial Court D) Appeals Court Trial courts are the first level and handle the majority of cases. 17.What is the primary goal of the juvenile justice system? A) Punishment B) Retribution C) Rehabilitation
D) Reasonable suspicion This is the highest standard to protect the rights of the accused. 22.Who presents evidence first in a trial? A) Defense B) Judge C) Prosecution D) Jury The prosecution carries the burden of proof. 23.What does parole mean? A) Probation before trial B) Life sentence C) Conditional release from prison D) Immediate release without conditions Parole allows supervised release under conditions. 24.Which is an example of white-collar crime? A) Burglary B) Embezzlement C) Assault D) Arson White-collar crimes are non-violent and financially motivated. 25.The “three strikes” law is intended to: A) Reduce taxes B) Deter repeat offenders C) Increase parole
D) Abolish prisons Three strikes laws increase penalties for habitual offenders. 26.What is the role of a defense attorney? A) Prosecute the accused B) Sentence the accused C) Defend the accused’s rights D) Enforce the law Defense attorneys protect the legal rights of the defendant. 27.Which amendment guarantees the right to a speedy trial? A) Fourth B) Sixth C) Eighth D) Tenth The Sixth Amendment provides this right to prevent lengthy detention. 28.A crime punishable by a fine only is called: A) Felony B) Misdemeanor C) Infraction D) Ordinance Infractions are minor offenses like traffic tickets. 29.Who issues search warrants? A) Police officer B) Prosecutor C) Judge or magistrate
D) Family law Procedural law governs how the law is enforced. 34.Which rule requires officers to knock and announce before entering? A) Miranda B) Exclusionary C) Knock and announce D) Terry stop This rule protects the privacy and safety of occupants. 35.The oldest policing authority in the U.S. is the: A) FBI B) U.S. Marshals C) Sheriff D) ATF The sheriff’s office dates back to colonial America. 36.What is a victimless crime? A) Homicide B) Robbery C) Drug use D) Burglary Victimless crimes don’t directly harm another person. 37.The main purpose of plea bargaining is to: A) Delay trials B) Increase jury duty C) Reduce caseloads and ensure convictions
D) Eliminate defense attorneys Plea deals resolve cases quickly and save resources. 38.Which term refers to early release from prison with supervision? A) Probation B) Parole C) Bail D) Indictment Parole allows inmates to finish their sentence under supervision. 39.Which is an inchoate offense? A) Burglary B) Attempted robbery C) Larceny D) Kidnapping Inchoate crimes are incomplete or preparatory acts. 40.Which amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment? A) Fourth B) Fifth C) Eighth D) Tenth The Eighth Amendment limits excessive punishments. 41.Who represents the state in a criminal case? A) Defense attorney B) Prosecutor C) Bailiff
D) Act as a judge A grand jury decides if there is enough evidence for trial. 46.Which type of sentencing gives judges flexibility? A) Determinate B) Mandatory C) Indeterminate D) Fixed Indeterminate sentencing allows a range of years and parole consideration. 47.Which is an example of a hate crime? A) Tax evasion B) Embezzlement C) Assault motivated by race D) Traffic violation Hate crimes are motivated by bias against protected groups. 48.What is entrapment? A) Legal arrest B) Inducing someone to commit a crime they wouldn’t otherwise commit C) Probable cause D) Bail setting Entrapment is an illegal practice used as a defense. 49.What is a writ of habeas corpus used for? A) Search and seizure B) Challenging unlawful detention
C) Bail decision D) Sentencing It demands that a prisoner be brought before a court to determine legality of detention. 50.The main source of criminal law in the U.S. is: A) Common law B) Presidential orders C) Statutory law D) Religious texts Most criminal law comes from statutes passed by legislatures. 51.Which policing strategy emphasizes partnership with the community? A) Zero tolerance policing B) Broken windows policing C) Community policing D) Reactive policing Community policing focuses on building trust and working with residents to solve problems. 52.What does mens rea mean? A) The guilty act B) The guilty mind C) The victim D) The punishment Mens rea refers to criminal intent — the mental state required for a crime.
57.A stop and frisk is based on: A) Indictment B) Probable cause C) Reasonable suspicion D) Beyond a reasonable doubt Terry v. Ohio established reasonable suspicion for stop and frisk. 58.Which term describes the early release of an inmate because of good behavior or overcrowding? A) Parole B) Bail C) Mandatory release D) Double jeopardy Mandatory release happens when inmates serve the maximum time minus good time credits. 59.What is a writ of certiorari? A) A plea bargain B) An order by a higher court to review a lower court decision C) A search warrant D) A sentence reduction Certiorari is the process used by the Supreme Court to hear appeals. 60.What does the term “probable cause” mean? A) Mere hunch B) Reasonable grounds to make an arrest or search C) Conviction standard
D) Parole condition Probable cause is the legal standard for arrests and searches. 61.The primary responsibility of a judge is to: A) Arrest suspects B) Prosecute crimes C) Ensure justice is done in court D) Supervise corrections Judges oversee court proceedings and ensure fair trials. 62.The chain of custody refers to: A) Bail hearings B) Documentation of evidence handling C) Jury instructions D) Use of force Maintaining chain of custody preserves evidence integrity. 63.Who has discretion to drop charges or offer a plea deal? A) Judge B) Defendant C) Prosecutor D) Jury Prosecutors decide what charges to file or dismiss. 64.What does incapacitation mean in corrections? A) Counseling B) Plea bargaining C) Removing offenders from society to prevent harm
C) Robbery D) Kidnapping Mala prohibita crimes are wrong because laws say so, not inherently evil. 69.Which court reviews decisions made by lower courts? A) Trial court B) Family court C) Probate court D) Appellate court Appellate courts review for legal errors. 70.What is diversion? A) Solitary confinement B) Redirecting offenders away from prison into treatment or programs C) Sentencing to death D) Determinate sentencing Diversion keeps low-level offenders out of jail. 71.The standard for a stop and frisk is: A) Probable cause B) Reasonable suspicion C) Beyond a reasonable doubt D) Preponderance of evidence A lower standard than probable cause. 72.What does voir dire refer to? A) Cross-examination B) Bail setting
C) Jury selection process D) Plea bargain Voir dire is questioning potential jurors. 73.Which is NOT an element of a crime? A) Actus reus B) Mens rea C) Concurrence D) Jury duty Actus reus, mens rea, and concurrence are essential; jury duty is unrelated. 74.A bench warrant is issued for: A) Police raids B) Prison overcrowding C) Failing to appear in court D) Chain of custody Bench warrants arrest those who fail to appear. 75.The federal trial courts are known as: A) Supreme courts B) Circuit courts C) District courts D) Magistrate courts U.S. District Courts are the general federal trial courts. 76.A mitigating factor will likely: A) Increase sentence
