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CCMA Certification study guide
1. Chief complaint CC: The reason a patient called for help. Also, the patient's response to questions such as "What's wrong?" or
"What happened?"
2. History of present illness HPI: Explains the chief complaint. A chronological description of the development of the patient's
present illness from the first sign or symptom or from the previous encounter to the present.
3. Vital Signs: Temperature,
pulse, respiration, and Blood pressure are all.
4. Normal oral temperature: 97.6F - 99.6F
5. intermittent fever: Fever that alternates between elevated and normal or subnormal body temperatures.
6. Remittent fever: fever in which temperature fluctuates greatly but never falls to the normal level.
7. Continuous fever: A fever that remains constant above the baseline, does not fluctuate.
8. 60-100 BPM: Normal pulse rate
9. Respirations: Rate, rhythm, and depth are taken into account when measuring what?
10. Systole: contraction of the heart
11. Diastole: relaxation of the heart
12. Anthropometric measurements: Measurement of height, (length rather than height is used in infants because they
cannot stand.), weight, BMI, head circumference in infants, waist to hip, % of body fat.
13. Inspection: General appearance, state of nutrition, body habits, symmetry, pasture and gait, speech.
14. palpation: to examine by touch
15. Percussion: physical examination method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size,
border, or fluid content of a cavity such as the chest.
16. Ausculation: the act of listening to sounds arising within organs (as the lungs or heart) as an aid to diagnosis and
treatment.
17. OSHA: a government agency in the Department of Labor to maintain a safe and healthy work environment
18. cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and
manual external cardiac compression
19. SHOCK: This is caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart and in turn to the rest of the body.
20. Symptoms of shock: Pale, cold, clammy skin
rapid, weak pulse increased shallow breathing expressionless face or staring eyes are all.
21. First aid for Shock: maintain open airway for the victim, call for assistance, keep victim lying down w/ head lower than rest
of body; attempt to control bleeding or other cause of shock if known; keep victim warm until help arrives
22. Portal of exit: Method in which a infectious agent leaves the reservoir. Ex: contact with body fluids such as blood or saliva.
23. mode of transmission: contact, droplet, air, vehicles, or vectorborne
24. Portal of entry: A pathway by which the causative agent enters the host. The area in which a microorganism enters the body.
They may be cuts, lesions, injection sites, or natural body orifices.
25. Susceptible host: An individual who has little resistance to an infectious agent.
40. Aorta: The largest artery of the body
41. Pulmonary arteries: The only arteries in the body that carry deoxygenated blood.
42. pulmonary veins: the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood.
43. atrioventricular valves: Separate the atria and the ventricles. Right sided tricuspid, left sided mitral
44. tricuspid valve: between right atrium and right ventricle
45. mitral valve: between left atrium and left ventricle.
46. Pulmonary valve: between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.
47. Aortic Valve: Between left ventricle and aorta
48. depolarization: sodium rushes into neuron through membrane, potassium ruses out; results in a positive charge
49. repolarization: when the K+ ions leave the inside of the axon, making the inside charge negative. Myocardial
relaxation.
50. SA NODE: the pace-maker of the heart; where the impulse conduction of the heart usually starts; located in the top of the right
atrium just below superior vena cava
51. AV node: Located at the posterior septal wall at the right atrium just above the tricuspid valve. There is a 1/10 second delay of
electrical activity at this level to allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles.
52. Lead I: Left arm is positive and right arm is negative (LA-RA)
53. Lead II: Left leg is positive and right arm is negative (LL-RA)
54. Lead III: Left leg is positive and left arm is negative (LL-LA)
55. aVR: The right arm is positive and the other limbs are negative
56. aVL: The left arm is positive and the other limbs are negative
57. aVF: The left leg (or foot) is positive and the other limbs are negative
58. V1: 4th intercostal space, right sternal border
59. V2: 4th intercostal space, left sternal border
60. V3: equidistant between v2 and v
61. V4: 5th intercostal space, on the left midclavicular line
62. V5: 5th intercostal space at the anterior axillary line
63. V6: 5th intercostal space, midaxillary line
64. 1mm: 1 small square on eKG grid is equal to
65. 5mm: 1 large square on EKG grid is equal to
66. 1mv: 2 large squares on EKG grid is equal to
67. .04 seconds or 40m seconds: 1 small square on eKG grid is equal to how much time?
68. .2 seconds or 200m seconds: 1 large square on eKG grid is equal to how much time?
69. 1 second or 1000 m seconds: 5 large squares on eKG grid is equal to how much time?
70. 25mm per second: The running speed of an EKG is?
71. Horizontal axis: What represents time on an EKG?
72. Vertical axis: What represents amplitude on an EKG?
87. 55%: How much of our blood is plasma?
88. 45%: How much of our blood is made up of formed elements? RBC, WBC, Platelets
89. 99%: Of formed elements are Red Blood cells
90. Erythrocytes: Oxygen carrying protein RBC's
91. 120 days: What is the normal lifespan of an RBC?
92. 4.2-6.2 Million: How many RBC's are the per microliter of blood?
93. Thrombocytes: Platelets are irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes.
Promote blood coagulation.
94. 140,000-440,000: What is the average number of platelets per microliter of blood?
95. Leukocytes: WBC that proves the body protection again infection.
96. 5,000-10,000: What is the normail amount of Leukocytes for an adult per microliter?
97. Leukocytosis: Increased WBC's
98. Leukopenia: Decreased WBC's
99. Neutrophils: These WBC's are the most numerous and they comprise between 40-60%. of the WBC's
100. Lymphocytes: THe second most numerous WBC, comprise between 20-40% of the WBC's
101. Monocytes: Makes up 3-8% of WBC's population they are the LARGEST WBC's.
102. Eosinophils: Represent 1-3% of WBC populations. fight antibody foreign materials.
103. Basophils: Account for 0-1% of WBC's in the blood. They carry histamines to be released in case of an allergic reaction.
104. Hemostasis: The process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury. Prevents blood clot formation after venipuncture
105. vascular stage, Platelet phase, coagulation phase, fibrinolysis: Name the four stages of
Hemostasis.
106. guage, needle: The smaller the needle is the larger
the diameter of the is.
107. needle adapters: Also known as hubs or needle holders; one end has a small opening that connects the needle, and the
other end has a wide opening to hold the collection tube.
108. Winged infusion sets: They are used for venipuncture on small veins such as those in the hand. The are also used for
venipuncture in the elderly and pediatric patients.
109. median cubital vein: The vein of choice because is it large and does not tend to move the the needle is inserted.
110. Cephalic vein: The second choice for venipuncture. It is usually more diflcult to locate and has a tendency to move, however, it is
often the only vein that can be palpated in the obese patients.
111. Basilic Vein: The third choice for venipunctures. It is the least firmly anchored and located near the brachial artery. If the needle is
inserted too deep, this artery may be punctured.
112. 3-4 inches above the venipuncture site: Where should the tourniquet be placed when performing
venipuncture?
113. 1. Blood cultures,
2. light blue top tubes
3. Serum (red or gray tubes)
4. green top tubes
123. Lavender Tubes: Contains EDTA. The tubes are used for CBC, RBC count, WBC & platelet count, WBC ditterential count,
Hemoglobin and hemoaocrit determinations, ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rater), Sickle Cell screening.
124. Light blue tubes: Contains sodium citrate, which prevents coagulation, tube must be completely filled. Test for coagulation
studies.
125. Green top tubes: Chemistry tests. Heparin. tube should be inverted 8 times.
126. Gray top tube: Fasting blood sugar, Glucose tolerance test, blood alcohol levels, lactic acid measurement. Potassium
Oxalate/Sodium Fluoride
127. Red/gray speckled or gold top tube: Serum Seperator Gel; Chemistry tests. Contain clot activators, glass
particles, silica and celite. Must invert tubes 5 times.
128. Red top tube: Serum chemistry test, serology tests, blood bank. This is a plain vacuum tube that contains no additives
129. Yellow top tube: Sterile; Contains SUP sodium polyanetholesulfatonate; blood cultures; invert 8 times/
130. At least once a day: How often should tests be checked for accuracy?
131. Toxicology: Analyzes poison levels of drugs and poisons
132. Blood type AB+: is Universal Recipient
133. Blood type O+: Universal Donor
134. ABGs: analysis of aterial blood to determine the adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gases; transport on ice
135. Anuria: The absence of urine
136. Hematuria: The presence of blood in the urine
137. Polyuria: The passage of large volumes of urine
138. First morning urine sample: The type of specimen that is most commonly used for routine analysis and HCG
(pregnancy) test
139. Mid-stream Specimen: A C&S specimen that is collected not at the beginning of end of voiding, but in the middle of
urination.
155. Hemothorax: Blood in the chest cavitiy
156. Nephrolithiasis: kidney stones
157. sterilization: free of all microorganisms
158. diaphoresis: profuse sweating
159. Nosocomial infections: Infections derived from the patient staying in the hospital
160. V codes: identify conditions other than a disease or injury, but are not necessarily a primary diagnosis
