Download CCMA Certification study guide and more Exams Clinical Medicine in PDF only on Docsity!
CCMA Certification Study Guide
Chief complaint CC - \The reason a patient called for help. Also, the patient's response to questions such as "What's wrong?" or "What happened?" History of present illness HPI - \Explains the chief complaint. A chronological description of the development of the patient's present illness from the first sign or symptom or from the previous encounter to the present. Vital Signs - \Temperature, pulse, respiration, and Blood pressure are all ___________ ___________. Normal oral temperature - \97.6F - 99.6F intermittent fever - \Fever that alternates between elevated and normal or subnormal body temperatures. Remittent fever - \fever in which temperature fluctuates greatly but never falls to the normal level. Continuous fever - \A fever that remains constant above the baseline, does not fluctuate. 60-100 BPM - \Normal pulse rate Respirations - \Rate, rhythm, and depth are taken into account when measuring what? Systole - \contraction of the heart Diastole - \relaxation of the heart Anthropometric measurements - \Measurement of height, (length rather than height is used in infants because they cannot stand.), weight, BMI, head circumference in infants, waist to hip, % of body fat. Inspection -
\General appearance, state of nutrition, body habits, symmetry, pasture and gait, speech. palpation - \to examine by touch Percussion - \physical examination method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity such as the chest. Ausculation - \the act of listening to sounds arising within organs (as the lungs or heart) as an aid to diagnosis and treatment. OSHA - \a government agency in the Department of Labor to maintain a safe and healthy work environment cardiopulmonary resuscitation - \an emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression SHOCK - \This is caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart and in turn to the rest of the body. Symptoms of shock - \Pale, cold, clammy skin rapid, weak pulse increased shallow breathing expressionless face or staring eyes are all ____________ ___ _________. First aid for Shock - \maintain open airway for the victim, call for assistance, keep victim lying down w/ head lower than rest of body; attempt to control bleeding or other cause of shock if known; keep victim warm until help arrives Portal of exit - \Method in which a infectious agent leaves the reservoir. Ex: contact with body fluids such as blood or saliva. mode of transmission - \contact, droplet, air, vehicles, or vectorborne Portal of entry -
\the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk Left atrium - \the left upper chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs via the right and left pulmonary veins. Left ventricle - \the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta Aorta - \The largest artery of the body Pulmonary arteries - \The only arteries in the body that carry deoxygenated blood. pulmonary veins - \the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood. atrioventricular valves - \Separate the atria and the ventricles. Right sided tricuspid, left sided mitral tricuspid valve - \between right atrium and right ventricle mitral valve - \between left atrium and left ventricle. Pulmonary valve - \between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk. Aortic Valve - \Between left ventricle and aorta depolarization - \sodium rushes into neuron through membrane, potassium ruses out; results in a positive charge repolarization - \when the K+ ions leave the inside of the axon, making the inside charge negative. Myocardial relaxation. SA NODE - \the pace-maker of the heart; where the impulse conduction of the heart usually starts; located in the top of the right atrium just below superior vena cava
AV node - \Located at the posterior septal wall at the right atrium just above the tricuspid valve. There is a 1/10 second delay of electrical activity at this level to allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles. Lead I - \Left arm is positive and right arm is negative (LA-RA) Lead II - \Left leg is positive and right arm is negative (LL-RA) Lead III - \Left leg is positive and left arm is negative (LL-LA) aVR - \The right arm is positive and the other limbs are negative aVL - \The left arm is positive and the other limbs are negative aVF - \The left leg (or foot) is positive and the other limbs are negative V1 - \4th intercostal space, right sternal border V2 - \4th intercostal space, left sternal border V3 - \equidistant between v2 and v V4 - \5th intercostal space, on the left midclavicular line V5 - \5th intercostal space at the anterior axillary line V6 - \5th intercostal space, midaxillary line 1mm - \1 small square on eKG grid is equal to 5mm -
broken recording - \the stylus goes up and down trying to find the signal. tis can be caused by loose electrode or cables, or by frayed or broken wires arrhythmia - \abnormal heart rhythms Ischemia - \decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel can cause chest pain or angina Myocardial infarction - \Death of myocardial cells PR segment - .16 mm/s; line from the end of the P wave to the onset of the QRS complex ST segment - \From J point to the onset of the T wave; if elevated above base line could indicate myocardial infarction (STEMI) Beta Blockers - \Reduce heart rate, blood pressure, myocardial oxygen consumption, effectively treat angina pectoris and hypertension. Contraindicated for cardiac stress test. 5-6 liters - \The average adult has __ - ___ _______ of blood. 55% - \How much of our blood is plasma? 45% - \How much of our blood is made up of formed elements? RBC, WBC, Platelets 99% - ____ Of formed elements are Red Blood cells Erythrocytes - \Oxygen carrying protein RBC's 120 days - \What is the normal lifespan of an RBC? 4.2-6.2 Million - \How many RBC's are the per microliter of blood?
Thrombocytes - \Platelets are irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes. Promote blood coagulation. 140,000-440,000 - \What is the average number of platelets per microliter of blood? Leukocytes - \WBC that proves the body protection again infection. 5,000-10,000 - \What is the normail amount of Leukocytes for an adult per microliter? Leukocytosis - \Increased WBC's Leukopenia - \Decreased WBC's Neutrophils - \These WBC's are the most numerous and they comprise between 40-60%. of the WBC's Lymphocytes - \THe second most numerous WBC, comprise between 20-40% of the WBC's Monocytes - \Makes up 3-8% of WBC's population they are the LARGEST WBC's. Eosinophils - \Represent 1-3% of WBC populations. fight antibody foreign materials. Basophils - \Account for 0-1% of WBC's in the blood. They carry histamines to be released in case of an allergic reaction. Hemostasis - \The process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury. Prevents blood clot formation after venipuncture vascular stage, Platelet phase, coagulation phase, fibrinolysis - \Name the four stages of Hemostasis. guage, needle - \The smaller the needle ________ is the larger the diameter of the _______ is.
Cold Agglutinins - \Red topper tubes, and must be kept warm. Chilled specimens - \Arterial blood gases ammonia lactic acid pyruvate, acth gastrin parathyroid Light sensitive specimens - \Bilirubin beta-carotene Vitamins A&B porphyrins Infant dermal puncture - \Use the lateral aspect of the heel (dorsal pedis lateralis), do not exceed more than 2.0mm. Older children & adult dermal puncture - \Use the distal segment of the third and fourth finger of the non dominant hand. Go perpendicular to the lines of the fingerprint. Lavender Tubes - \Contains EDTA. The tubes are used for CBC, RBC count, WBC & platelet count, WBC differential count, Hemoglobin and hemoaocrit determinations, ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rater), Sickle Cell screening. Light blue tubes - \Contains sodium citrate, which prevents coagulation, tube must be completely filled. Test for coagulation studies. Green top tubes - \Chemistry tests. Heparin. tube should be inverted 8 times. Gray top tube - \Fasting blood sugar, Glucose tolerance test, blood alcohol levels, lactic acid measurement. Potassium Oxalate/Sodium Fluoride Red/gray speckled or gold top tube - \Serum Seperator Gel; Chemistry tests. Contain clot activators, glass particles, silica and celite. Must invert tubes 5 times.
Red top tube - \Serum chemistry test, serology tests, blood bank. This is a plain vacuum tube that contains no additives Yellow top tube - \Sterile; Contains SUP sodium polyanetholesulfatonate; blood cultures; invert 8 times/ At least once a day - \How often should tests be checked for accuracy? Toxicology - \Analyzes poison levels of drugs and poisons Blood type AB+ - \is Universal Recipient Blood type O+ - \Universal Donor ABGs - \analysis of aterial blood to determine the adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gases; transport on ice Anuria - \The absence of urine Hematuria - \The presence of blood in the urine Polyuria - \The passage of large volumes of urine First morning urine sample - \The type of specimen that is most commonly used for routine analysis and HCG (pregnancy) test Mid-stream Specimen - \A C&S specimen that is collected not at the beginning of end of voiding, but in the middle of urination. Clean-catch specimen - \A C&S specimen that requires special cleaning of the external genitalia prior to collection. anuria -
\Communicable diseases in which the infected patient 's information can be released to an outside source Hemothorax - \Blood in the chest cavitiy Nephrolithiasis - \kidney stones sterilization - \free of all microorganisms diaphoresis - \profuse sweating Nosocomial infections - \Infections derived from the patient staying in the hospital V codes - \identify conditions other than a disease or injury, but are not necessarily a primary diagnosis
