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CCSH Prep Exam Questions With 100%
Correct Answers 2024
16-18 hours per day; sleep is polyphasic. - Correct Answer-Newborns 14-15 hours and levels off around that value. Sleep becomes less distributed, with primary sleep at night and nap(s) during the day. - Correct Answer-16 weeks sleep continues to decline; duration is 10-12 hours - Correct Answer-ages 2-5 years sleep becomes monophasic; duration about 10 hours - Correct Answer-age 10 sleep duration declines sharply to 8-9 hours; circadian phase delay - Correct Answer- adolescence, sleep duration is relatively stable around 7-8 hours - Correct Answer-adulthood sleep time decreases and a biphasic pattern may re-emerge; circadian phase advance - Correct Answer-older age With aging there is a ______ in rhythm amplitude - circadian, endocrine and metabolic - Correct Answer-reduction From early adulthood to midlife N3 _____, replaced by N1, N2 sleep, with no significant decrease in REM or increased sleep fragmentation. - Correct Answer-decreases _____ in growth hormone (GH) parallels decrease in SW3 (N3) from midlife to late life. - Correct Answer-Decrease In late life there is _____ wake at the expense of both NREM and REM sleep. - Correct Answer-increased Heart rate in REM is Regular or irregular - Correct Answer-irregular Heart rate in NREM is Regular or irregular? - Correct Answer-Regular Respiratory rate in REM is
Regular or irregular? - Correct Answer-irregular Respiratory rate in NREM is Regular or irregular? - Correct Answer-Regular Blood pressure in REM is Regular or variable? - Correct Answer-variable Blood pressure in NREM is Regular or variable? - Correct Answer-Regular Skeletal muscle tone in REM is Preserved or absent? - Correct Answer-absent Skeletal muscle tone in NREM is Preserved or absent? - Correct Answer-Preserved Brain 02 consumption in REM is Reduced or increased? - Correct Answer-increased Brain 02 consumption in NREM is Reduced or increased? - Correct Answer-Reduced Response to Co2 in REM is Same as W or depressed? - Correct Answer-depressed Response to Co2 in NREM is Same as W or depressed? - Correct Answer-Same as W Response to O2 in REM is Same as W or depressed? - Correct Answer-Same as W
cortisol and melatonin are markers - Correct Answer-Process C Light is a "zeitgeber" (time-giver) True or false? - Correct Answer-True Light is a "photoreceptor" (time-giver) True or false? - Correct Answer-False Light input is carried along the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) to the SCN. True or false? - Correct Answer-True Light input is carried along the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) to the homeostatic drive. True or false? - Correct Answer-False Coordinated by the SCN, light inhibits melatonin secretion during the dark cycle (hence, the hormone of darkness). True or false? - Correct Answer-True Coordinated by the SCN, light inhibits body temperature during the dark cycle (hence, the hormone of darkness). True or false? - Correct Answer-False Damage to the SCN eliminates the circadian rhythms of many behaviors, including sleep. True or false? - Correct Answer-True Damage to the SCN eliminates the homeostatic process of many behaviors, including sleep. True or false? - Correct Answer-False Light, via the photoreceptor melanopsin, may exert its antidepressant effect through a modulation of the homeostatic process of sleep. True or false? - Correct Answer-True
One physiological "marker" of the human circadian "rhythm is core body temperature; the timing of the "nadir" or minimum temperature is in the early hours of the morning around 4 AM (high sleep propensity) with a peak around 6 PM (low sleep propensity). True or false? - Correct Answer-True The proportion of N3 sleep is greatest in the first sleep cycle and dissipates over the course of the sleep period. True or false? - Correct Answer-True The proportion of REM sleep is greatest in the first sleep cycle and dissipates over the course of the sleep period. True or false? - Correct Answer-False The propensity for REM sleep is highest in the early morning. True or false? - Correct Answer-True There are "forbidden zones" for sleep which are times in the circadian phase when it is difficult to initiate sleep, such as in the 2-3 hours before the habitual sleep onset. True or false? - Correct Answer-True There are "forbidden zones" for sleep which are times in Process S when it is difficult to initiate sleep, such as in the 2-3 hours before the habitual sleep onset. True or false? - Correct Answer-False Tricyclics - Correct Answer-Tmax (Hrs) 2.5 - T1/2 (Hrs) 16- Sleep Latency v Sleep Efficiency ^ %SWS ^ % REM v SSRIs/SNRIs - Correct Answer-Tmax (Hrs) 2- T1/2 (Hrs) 5- Sleep Latency ^ Sleep Efficiency v %SWS - v % REM v Morning Sedation ^ Fluvoxamine
Sleep Efficiency ^ %SWS ^ % REM ^- Morning Sedation - Zopiclone Zaleplon Zolpidem Zolpidem MR (drug class) - Correct Answer-Non-Benzo Hypnotics Benzodiazepines - Correct Answer-Tmax (Hrs) 0.5- T1/2 (Hrs) 2-50+ Sleep Latency v Sleep Efficiency ^ %SWS v % REM v Morning Sedation ^ Temazepam Triazolam Oxazepam Clonazepam Flurazepam Lorazepam (drug class) - Correct Answer-Benzodiazepines Anti-epileptics - Correct Answer-Tmax (Hrs) 1.5- T1/2 (Hrs) 8- Sleep Latency - v Sleep Efficiency ^v - %SWS ^ % REM ^V - Morning Sedation -^ lisinopril oral atenolol oral Bystolic oral Diovan oral hydrochlorothiazide oral metoprolol succinate oral amlodipine oral Norvasc oral Toprol XL oral
Benicar oral metoprolol tartrate oral losartan oral lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat hypertension clonidine HCl oral Diovan HCT oral Cozaar oral propranolol oral spironolactone oral Azor oral carvedilol oral Coreg oral Benicar HCT oral Exforge oral Avapro oral Lotrel oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat hypertension verapamil oral furosemide oral Lasix oral Hyzaar oral Tekturna oral enalapril maleate oral Micardis oral Lopressor oral ramipril oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat hypertension Altace oral losartan-hydrochlorothiazide oral Micardis HCT oral Avalide oral diltiazem oral triamterene-hydrochlorothiazide oral labetalol oral terazosin oral amlodipine-benazepril oral Atacand oral hydralazine oral benazepril oral
dronedarone oral Sotalol AF oral quinidine gluconate oral amiodarone intravenous dofetilide oral quinidine sulfate oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat atrial fibrillation Cymbalta oral Lexapro oral Effexor XR oral Zoloft oral Celexa oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat depression trazodone oral Prozac oral Wellbutrin XL oral citalopram oral Pristiq oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat depression amitriptyline oral Savella oral Viibryd oral Paxil CR oral Wellbutrin oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat depression Paxil oral sertraline oral Remeron oral nortriptyline oral venlafaxine oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat depression fluoxetine oral bupropion HCl oral mirtazapine oral Ritalin oral
paroxetine oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat depression Wellbutrin SR oral doxepin oral methylphenidate oral escitalopram oxalate oral Symbyax oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat depression Pamelor oral Brintellix oral imipramine oral Fetzima oral duloxetine oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat depression hydrocodone-acetaminophen oral Lyrica oral tramadol oral Neurontin oral oxycodone oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat pain gabapentin oral Percocet oral OxyContin oral Vicodin oral methadone oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat pain Norco oral Ultram oral Celebrex oral naproxen oral oxycodone-acetaminophen oral Nucynta oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat pain Dilaudid oral
Zocor oral metoprolol tartrate oral pravastatin oral warfarin oral propranolol oral carvedilol oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat MI Coreg oral Niaspan oral Lovaza oral Lovenox subcutaneous Micardis oral lovastatin oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat MI Lopressor oral ramipril oral Altace oral Effient oral atorvastatin oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat MI Pravachol oral Simcor oral clopidogrel oral Zestril oral Coreg CR oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat MI simvastatin oral Lipitor oral Crestor oral Zocor oral pravastatin oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used for prevention of CVA Micardis oral lovastatin oral ramipril oral
Altace oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used for prevention of CVA Synthroid oral levothyroxine oral Armour Thyroid oral Levoxyl oral Cytomel oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat hypothyroidism Tirosint oral liothyronine oral Nature-Throid oral levothyroxine intravenous (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat hypothyroidism NP Thyroid oral Unithroid oral WP Thyroid oral Thyrolar-1 oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat hypothyroidism methimazole oral propylthiouracil oral Tapazole oral (common uses) - Correct Answer-Common medications used to treat hyperthyroidism Amitriptyline Imipramine Nortriptyline Doxepine Desipramine Protriptyline (drug class) - Correct Answer-Tricyclics Gabapentin Valproic acid Phenytoin Carbamazepine
The raphe serotonergic system in the rostral brainstem and the locus- coeruleus- noradrenaline (norepineph rine) system have been implicated in - Correct Answer- Generalized arousal Various neurotransmitters such as glutamate, acetylcholine, noradrenalin, serotonin, dopamine, histamine are involved in the establishment and maintenance of - Correct Answer-Wake behavior Neurotransmitters and peptides including adenosine, somatostatin, growth-hormone- releasing hormone, delta-sleep-inducing peptide, prostaglandin D2, and cytokines have sleep-promoting properties and seem to be responsible for the biochemical control of - Correct Answer-NREM Sleep Habitual sleep of less than 6-7 hours each night is associated with - Correct Answer-increased blood pressure, reduced blood levels of anabolic hormones (e.g., growth hormone and prolactin) required for tissue repair, increase in the stress hormone cortisol during evening hours when cortisol is usually low Individuals whose sleep is restricted to 6 or fewer hours each night for 1 week under experimental conditions had cognitive impairments equal to that of _______ of total sleep loss, but they often reported minimal sleepiness and overestimated their ability to carry out simple tasks. - Correct Answer-One to two nights Brain activity and blood flow show a decrease from wakefulness, especially in cerebral cortex during: - Correct Answer-NREM Heart rate and blood pressure show decreases from wakefulness during: - Correct Answer-NREM Sympathetic nerve activity decreases from wakefulness during: - Correct Answer-NREM Muscle tone is slightly lower from wakefulness during: - Correct Answer-NREM Respiration decreases from wakefulness and displays rhythmic periodicity in breathing amplitude during: - Correct Answer-NREM Body temperature is regulated at a lower level from wakefulness during: - Correct Answer-NREM Swallowing and gastrointestinal motility is _____ from wakefulness during both NREM and REM sleep. - Correct Answer-NREM
Brain activity and blood flow increases from the other type of sleep, especially in parts of the cerebral cortex, midbrain, and brainstem core during: - Correct Answer-REM Heart rate and blood pressure increases and highly variable compared to the other type of sleep during: - Correct Answer-REM Sympathetic nerve activity _____ from both NREM and REM in some body areas. - Correct Answer-Increases Muscle tone is absent during: - Correct Answer-REM Respiration increases and varies from the other type of sleep, may show brief stoppages and suppressed coughing during: - Correct Answer-REM Body temperature is not regulated and there is no shivering or sweating during: - Correct Answer-REM Arousal inducing areas of the brain - Correct Answer-noradrenergic neurons of the locus coerulus (LC), cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental (PPT/LDT) nuclei in the pons, serotoninergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), dopaminergic neurons of the ventral periaqueductal gray (vPAG), and histaminergic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) Sleep inducing areas in the brain - Correct Answer-VLPO neurons and those of the adjacent medial pre-optic area (area not depicted) contain inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and galanin and are active during sleep. The two process model of sleep include - Correct Answer-Circadian promotion of wakefulness and homeostasis sleep load full-term newborns spend approximately ____ hours per day asleep - Correct Answer- 16- By the end of the first year, infants spend about ____ of the 24-hour period asleep, with most sleep at night and one or two naps during the day - Correct Answer-50%-55% parent reports of sleep duration during the school-age years suggest that U.S. children sleep approximately ____ hours - Correct Answer-9-
obstacles hazards - Correct Answer-tables, IV poles bathroom hazards - Correct Answer-toilets different heights fire hazard - Correct Answer-construction in the hospital increases risk of this pathogens - Correct Answer-germs of microorganisms that causes disease children under age one - Correct Answer-injuries are leading cause of death safety risks for school age - Correct Answer-stranger safety, sport injuries, bicycles safety risks in adolescents - Correct Answer-impulsivity (don't think before they act), opportunity (more time, and access), immortality (it happens to other people it doesn't happen to me) Peer influence safety risks in older adults - Correct Answer-decreased sensation, slowed reaction time, balance and equilibrium restraints - Correct Answer-device to restrict to someone's voluntary movement restraint-free environment - Correct Answer-optimal goal for all clients have assistance - Correct Answer-when applying restraints it is crucial that you have... least restrictive measure - Correct Answer-when considering restraints use... sitter - Correct Answer-least restrictive measure, someone who sits with patient always explain - Correct Answer-what and why when you restrain a client even though they may not understand as much as you would like pad skin and bony structures - Correct Answer-when applying restraints be sure to do this order restraint - Correct Answer-must get this from physician when wanting to use restraint. age will determine renewal fasten to bed frame - Correct Answer-fasten restraints to this not to side rails quick release knots - Correct Answer-use this type of knot when using restraints family can not be restraints - Correct Answer-they do not know safety risks, enablers, not unless they are employed by hospital intensive monitoring - Correct Answer-when a client is restrained this is indicated
15 minutes - Correct Answer-visualization of the client every.... 2 hours - Correct Answer-neurovascular checks every.... 2 hours - Correct Answer-removing or rotating the restraints every... fire safety prevention - Correct Answer-keep people from smoking, electrical equipment role in fire situation - Correct Answer-R-rescue (get them out of there) A- alarm C- confine (barrios between fire and patient) E- extinguish (when possible) extinguisher - Correct Answer-ABC. C is most ideal, used for electrical fires use of an extinguisher - Correct Answer-P- Pull pin A-aim (the base of fire) S-squeeze S-sweep radiation hazards - Correct Answer-x-rays, in department and bedside. let people know. TIME, DISTANCE (6-8ft away), SHEILDING (something shielding you from radiation, Lead) bioterrorist attacks - Correct Answer-attack with pathogens mitigation - Correct Answer-decrease the likelihood of bioterrorist attack from happening, availability preparedness - Correct Answer-activities you take to be ready when and if a bioterrorist attack were to happen. drills, resources on hand recovery - Correct Answer-lessening the permanent damage after bioterrorist attack emergency response plans - Correct Answer-these plans must be tested 2x a year Accidental poisoning risks - Correct Answer-poor environmental safety, elderly cognitive accidental poisoning prevention - Correct Answer-lock up cabinets, hide medications and cleaning supplies accidental poisoning response - Correct Answer-call poison control center, do not induce vomiting Newborns - Correct Answer-16-18 hours 16 week old - Correct Answer-14-15 hours 2-5 year old - Correct Answer-10-12 hours
