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Multiple-choice questions and answers on cardiac electrophysiology and ECG interpretation, covering PVCs, heart rhythms, lead placement, stress tests, and myocardial infarction identification. Questions test knowledge of ECG waveforms, intervals, and clinical significance in diagnosing cardiac conditions. Useful for cardiology students and professionals, it provides a practical review of key concepts. It serves as a valuable resource for exam preparation and clinical practice, offering a concise approach to mastering ECG principles and diagnostic techniques. The question-and-answer format facilitates quick review and self-assessment.
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Which statement is correct regarding premature ventricular complexes (PVCs)? PVCs originate from the atrium. PVCs may be unifocal or multifocal in origin. PVCs will not lead to ventricular tachycardia. PVCs only originate from one site in the ventricles. - answer>>>PVCs may be unifocal or multifocal in origin. A regular rhythm at a rate of 40 - 60 beats per minute, with narrow QRS complexes, and no visible P waves, is consistent with the presence of: atrial fibrillation. sinus bradycardia. junctional rhythm. idioventricular rhythm. - answer>>>junctional rhythm. What is the proper lead placement for a right side 12 lead ECG? limb leads only placed in a mirror image of a standard 12 lead ECG chest leads only placed in a mirror image of a standard 12 lead ECG leads V1, V2, V3 only placed in a mirror image of a standard 12 lead ECG
leads V4, V5, V6 only placed in a mirror image of a standard 12 lead ECG - answer>>>chest leads only placed in a mirror image of a standard 12 lead ECG When conducting a Lexiscan stress test on a patient who is on a stretcher, what safety precaution should be taken? run a 12 - lead ECG have crash cart available ensure patient has a pillow place patient in Trendelenburg - answer>>>run a 12 - lead ECG Per stress test protocol, exercise capacity should be reported in of exercise. exact metastatic equivalents (METs) anatomic metaphysic electrons (AMEs) estimated metabolic equivalents (METs) approximated minutes of exercise (AMEs) - answer>>>estimated metabolic equivalents (METs) Left ventricular hypertrophy is indicated when the combined measured amplitude is greater than or equal to 35 mm in which of the following leads? V1 or V2 S-wave, II or AVF R-wave V1 or V2 S-wave, V3 or V4 R-wave V1 or V2 S-wave, V5 or V6 R-wave V3 or V4 S-wave, V5 or V6 R-wave - answer>>>V1 or V2 S-wave, V5 or V6 R-wave Lead V6 should be placed
initiate the first stage of the protocol stop the treadmill and notify the physician make a note and continue with the protocol - answer>>>stop the treadmill and notify the physician The intrinsic rate of the Purkinje network in the ventricles is: 20 to 40 beats per minute. 40 to 60 beats per minute. 60 to 100 beats per minute. 100 to 150 beats per minute. - answer>>>20 to 40 beats per minute. What is the heart rate of an ECG with a constant R-R interval of 30mm recorded at a standard paper speed? - answer>>>50 bpm RR duration = R-R interval/paper speed HR=60s / RR duration 30mm / 25mm/s = 1.2s 60s / 1.2 = 50bpm Which leads are routinely checked to detect left atrial abnormality? V1 and V V4 through V V1 and Lead II Lead III and AVF - answer>>>V1 and Lead II
What is a common cause of somatic tremor? poor skin prep muscle movement wandering baseline electrical interference - answer>>>muscle movement Ventricular tachycardia in which depolarization impulses moving from one ventricle to the other, resulting in a "twisted ribbon" appearance on the ECG tracing is called torsades de pointes. ventricular crossover. ventricular fibrillation. ideoventricular acceleration. - answer>>>torsades de pointes. An anterior wall myocardial infarction occurs when anterior myocardial tissue supplied by the artery suffers injury due to lack of blood supply. right circumflex obtuse marginal left anterior descending - answer>>>left anterior descending Which ECG would you expect the doctor to order when the patient has dextrocardia? posterior 12 lead ECG standard 12 lead ECG
10 mm/sec, 25 mm/mV 25 mm/sec, 10 mm/mV 50 mm/sec, 25 mm/mV - answer>>>25 mm/sec, 10 mm/mV A posterior myocardial infarction can be identified by which of the following abnormalities on a 12 lead ECG tracing? ST Elevation in II, III, aVF tall R wave and ST depression in V1-V tall T wave and elevation in leads I and aVL inverted P wave and elevation in V5 and V6 - answer>>>Tall R wave and ST depression in V1-V What is the key to successful recording of an ECG? HIPPA wearing PPE hand hygiene communication - answer>>>communication Which of the following medications is used in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias? digoxin lidocaine verapamil nitroglycerin - answer>>>lidocaine Verapamil - answer>>>-calcium channel blocker
actually60-100 What would require a need for chest lead modification for a 12 lead ECG? leg amputation poor electrode contact excessive breast tissue never modify chest leads - answer>>>excessive breast tissue The MOST CHARACTERISTIC feature of wandering atrial pacemaker is 3 or more different QT intervals. P-R intervals. QRS durations. P wave morphologies. - answer>>>P wave morphologies. Where would you place the electrodes during a Holter hookup to reduce artifact produced by muscular movements? over the ribs low on the arms between the ribs high on the arms - answer>>>over the ribs Which two leads are referenced when interpreting axis deviation? I and aVF I and aVL II and III
V1 and V5 - answer>>>I and aVF Which of the following leads normally produces a negative P wave and a predominantly negative QRS on the ECG? V V AVR lead II - answer>>>AVR The normal QRS axis of the heart is 0 to - 90 degrees. 0 to +90 degrees. +60 to - 60 degrees. +60 to +120 degrees. - answer>>>0 to +90 degrees. Lead placement for V4R is located where on the patient? 4th intercostal space, right sternal border 5th intercostal space, right mid-axillary line 5th intercostal space, right mid-clavicular line 5th intercostal space, right anterior axillary line - answer>>>5th intercostal space, right mid-clavicular line The sinoatrial node is located in the: left atrium. right atrium. left ventricle.
rhythm and voltag - answer>>>time and voltage. Pacemaker stimuli is recorded on the ECG as a(n) upright wave. negative deflection. narrow vertical spike. straight horizontal line. - answer>>>narrow vertical spike. When performing an exercise stress test, 85% of the predicted maximum heart rate is used to determine the time to increase speed and elevation. end point of a submaximal exercise test. point at which continuous ECG recording begins. normal heart rate response for step II in the Bruce protocol. - answer>>>end point of a submaximal exercise test. Somatic tremor is an artifact found in Holter recordings due to stress loops that are too tight. an improper ground electrode. stress loops that are not secure. electrodes being placed over muscle. - answer>>>electrodes being placed over muscle. Which leads in a 12 lead ECG are referred to as augmented limb leads? I, II, III V1, V2, V V4, V5, V aVR, aVL, aVF - answer>>>aVR, aVL, aVF
What BEST describes multifocal PVCs? normal appearing PQRST electrically separated atria and ventricles different electrical conduction pathways in the atria different electrical conduction pathways in the ventricles - answer>>>different electrical conduction pathways in the ventricles A regular rhythm at a rate of 40 - 60 beats per minute, with narrow QRS complexes, and no visible P waves, is consistent with the presence of atrial fibrillation. sinus bradycardia. junctional rhythm. idioventricular rhythm. - answer>>>junctional rhythm. Continuous monitoring of a hospital inpatient with the ECG tracings transmitted to a central location, must begin with placement of a(n) event monitor. Holter monitor. telemetry monitor. transtelephonic monitor. - answer>>>telemetry monitor. A positive chronotropic effect will result in a decrease in heart rate. an increase in heart rate. a decrease in force of contraction. an increase in force of contraction. - answer>>>an increase in heart rate.
anterior clavicular line. - answer>>>midaxillary line. Wolff-Parkinson-White is unique in what particular way? always fatal only arrhythmia with a delta wave induced with excessive salt consumption usually accompanied with bigeminal pvcs - answer>>>only arrhythmia with a delta wave Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for exercise stress testing? unstable angina bradyarrhythmias artificial pacemakers patient taking digitalis - answer>>>unstable angina Which of the following atrial rates would need to be communicated to the physician? 75 85 195 305 - answer>>> With exercise, cardiac output increases due to increases in: heart rate and stroke volume. systolic and diastolic blood pressures. end diastolic and end systolic volumes. pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances. - answer>>>heart rate and stroke volume.
The ability of a positive exercise stress test to correctly identify patients with documented coronary artery disease is known as the test: specificity. sensitivity. relative risk. predictive value. - answer>>>Sensitivity During an exercise stress test, a 2.0 mm down sloping ST segment was observed 6 minutes into the Bruce protocol. This would be considered a: positive test. negative test. false positive test. false negative test. - answer>>>positive test. Which ventricular response would be MOST CONSISTENT with uncontrolled atrial flutter? 60 bpm 75 bpm 90 bpm 120 bpm - answer>>>120 bpm Left bundle branch block is characterized by in lead V1. P wave absent, QRS complex measuring less than 0.12 seconds P wave present, QRS complex measuring less than 0.12 seconds P wave absent, QRS complex measuring 0.12 seconds or greater P wave present, QRS complex measuring 0.12 seconds or greater - answer>>>P wave present, QRS complex measuring 0.12 seconds or greater
25 mm/mV for calibration compared to 50 mm/mV for performing ECG 100 mm/mV for calibration compared to 50 mm/mV for performing ECG - answer>>> mm/mV for calibration compared to 25 mm/mV for performing ECG Which of the following would be acceptable to correct somatic tremor artifact on a 12 lead ECG tracing? Plug ECG machine into a different electrical outlet. Replace loose electrodes and remove wire tension. Move patient's bed away from electrical sources such as elevator. Have patient place hands under buttocks, instructing him/her not to move - answer>>>Have patient place hands under buttocks, instructing him/her not to move. Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to administering Lexiscan (regadenosine)? COPD severe hypertension third degree heart block known coronary artery disease - answer>>>third degree heart block Which waveform on an ECG represents ventricular repolarization? P wave R wave T wave U wave - answer>>>T wave You are explaining the Bruce protocol and post-test expectations to your patient. Which of the following BEST describes what should occur after the patient reaches the THR? The treadmill will slow for one minute and then stop.
The treadmill will be immediately stopped and the patient will sit down. The treadmill will be stopped when the patient's heart rate returns to less than 100 beats per minute. The treadmill will slow, then stop and the patient will continue to have vital signs monitored for 10 - 15 minutes. - answer>>>The treadmill will slow, then stop and the patient will continue to have vital signs monitored for 10-15 minutes. An ECG technician who is following universal precautions will: wash his/her hands but not wear gloves before performing any ECG. wear gloves but not wash his/her hands before performing any ECG. wash his/her hands and wear gloves when there is possible exposure to blood. wear gloves but not wash his/her hands when there is possible exposure to blood. - answer>>>wash his/her hands and wear gloves when there is possible exposure to blood. What should be checked on the ECG machine to ensure it is working properly? Choose two responses. check for paper gather enough electrodes inspect cables for damage look for gel build-up on electrodes - answer>>>inspect cables for damage look for gel build-up on electrodes