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CDCES Exam Collective Questions
What are the moderate intensity statins? - ✅1. Atorvastatin 10-20 mg
- Rosuvastatin 5-10 mg
- Simvastatin 20-40 mg
- Pravastatin 40-80 mg
- Lovastatin 40-80 mg
- Fluvastatin 80 mg
- Pitavastatin 2-4 mg Which of the following measurements would indicate that JR has healthy kidney function? A. Urinary albumin creatinine ratio of 30-299 mg/g with GFR of 45. B. GFR of 60 or greater and urinary albumin creatinine ratio of 12 mg/g. C. Urinary albumin creatinine ratio less than 30 mg/g and GFR of 30-45. D Creatinine of 1.5 and urinary albumin creatinine ratio of 300 mg/g or greater - ✅B. GFR of 60 or greater and urinary albumin creatinine ratio of 12 mg/g. What is the target range of UACR? - ✅< 30 mg/g Urinary Albumin Creatinine ratio What is UACR checked? - ✅At diagnosis in T2DM and within 5 years in T1DM. Then anually! What is the new 2023 standard if a pt has a GFR of =/> 20 and a UACR =/> 200 mg/g? - ✅Start a SGL2 to reduce chronic kidney disease progression and cardiovascular events What is the new 2023 standard if with type 2 diabetes and established CKD? - ✅Start nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist nsMRA (finerenone) and/or GLP-1 RA recommended forcardiovascular risk reduction. Nutrition recommendations to help decrease UACR? - ✅- People with non-dialysis dependent stage 3 diabetes or higher CKD: Dietary protein intake aimed to a target level of 0.8 g/kg body weight per day
- For those on dialysis: consider higher levels of dietary protein intake since protein energy wasting is a major problem in some individuals on dialysis _Smoking increases risk of diabetes by _% - ✅30%
AJ has been instructed to take Dapaglifozin (Farxiga) 5 mg once daily. Which of the following would you review during your teaching session.
- Signs of urinary tract infection
- Take the Dapaglifozin (Farxiga) only if blood glucose levels are greater than 110mg/dl.
- Only take Dapaglifozin (Farxiga) if AJ plans to eat a meal.
- Double the dose if blood glucose levels are greater than 150mg/dl. - ✅Signs of urinary tract infection Individuals taking sulfonylureas or meglitinides should be counseled about which of the following?
- take medication, even if they are not able to eat
- make sure to eat after taking medication
- medications may cause nausea and weight loss
- take extra medications if glucose levels are elevated - ✅2) make sure to eat after taking medication BT has been on glipizide (Glucotrol) 10 mg BID for the past four years, but BTs A1c has progressively increased and is now 7.8%. Pioglitazone (Actos) 45 mg daily was added to BTs regimen a month ago. During your initial assessment, BT complains that she has had a recent weight gain of 6 lbs and can not figure out why. The most likely cause of BTs weight gain is:
- recent stressful life events
- fluid retention
- decreasing frequency of exercise
- acute renal failure - ✅2) fluid retention Indicate which of the following conditions is a contraindication for metformin (Glucophage) therapy.
- low B12 levels
- hypertriglyceridemia
- gout
- binge drinking - ✅4) binge drinking LS is being started on a DPP-IV Inhibitor. Which of the following would you include in your instructions?
- take only if blood glucose is elevated
- sudden joint pain is a potential side effect
- hold medication if blood glucose is less than 80
- if experience hypoglycemia, eat 6-8 lifesavers - ✅2) sudden joint pain is a potential side effect People with diabetes taking GLP-1 Receptor Agonists should:
- report signs of intestinal blockage
- have renal function studies done at the start of therapy and yearly
- have cystoscopy performed to rule out bladder cancer
- take with meals to avoid GI upset - ✅1) report signs of intestinal blockage
- Insulin must always be refrigerated
- If reusing needles, wipe off first with alcohol pad - ✅2) Monitor BG, Inject insulin, Eat Mr. Pasteur is started on the following insulin regimen: 22uNPH/10uReg before breakfast, 5u Reg before dinner and 10uNPH before bedtime. His BMI is 33. His evening blood glucose levels are running 180 - 210 mg/dl. Which of the following changes would best help get his bedtime glucose levels to goal?
- Increase before dinner NPH insulin
- Increase am NPH insulin
- Increase the dose of regular insulin before dinner by 30%
- Evaluate carbohydrate intake at dinner - ✅4) Evaluate carbohydrate intake at dinner MZ is started on glargine (Basaglar) insulin at bedtime. Circle the most important teaching point.
- Importance of eating within a half hour of injection.
- How to adjust glargine (Basaglar) insulin dose based on post dinner glucose.
- Recognition of when morning blood glucose levels are on target.
- How to adjust insulin dose based on type and quantity of carbohydrates. - ✅3) Recognition of when morning blood glucose levels are on target. AT is a 43-year old newly started on insulin. Circle the survival topic that is essential for AT to know before discharge.
- managing insulin across time zones
- how to adjust his insulin dose before exercise
- signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia
- insulin dose adjustment based on carbohydrates consumed - ✅3) signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia Which of the following are the most recent ADA recommended blood pressure goals?
- B/P < 140/
- Start ACE Inhibitor for people with type 1 diabetes
- B/P targets are based on degree of proteinuria
- Blood pressure less than 130/80 if it is safe for that individual - ✅4) Blood pressure less than 130/80 if it is safe for that individual According to the ADA, people with type 2 diabetes should be screened for Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) and GFR:
- five years after diagnosis and then yearly
- at diagnosis and then yearly
- the onset of renal failure and then yearly
- with the first signs of hypertension and then yearly - ✅2) at diagnosis and then yearly Keeping glucose on target reduces the risk of diabetes-related complications. Choose from the list below the blood glucose targets as outlined by the American Diabetes Association.
- before meal glucose 80mg/dl - 120mg/dl, post prandial glucose 100mg/dl - 140mg/dl
- glucose between 70mg/dl - 150mg/dl, A1c less than 6.5%
- before meal glucose 80mg/dl - 130mg/dl, 1-2 hours after a meal, < 180mg/dl, A1c < 7% for most people
- fasting glucose < 126mg/dl, random < 200mg/dl - ✅3) before meal glucose 80mg/dl - 130mg/dl, 1-2 hours after a meal, < 180mg/dl, A1c < 7% for most people According to ADA Standards, which of the following groups meets the criteria to screen for prediabetes and diabetes?
- Everyone starting at age 35
- Those with BMI of 25 or greater and 45 years of age
- All members of high risk ethic groups
- Children whose mother had gestational diabetes - ✅1) Everyone starting at age 35 Based on the most recent ADA guidelines, to improve outcomes in people with diabetes who have atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which of the following is true?
- Initiate low carbohydrate meal plan and refer to RD
- Niacin is recommended if HDL is less than 50 mg/dl
- Start ezetimibe (Zetia) if LDL >100mg/dl
- Start high dose statin to reduce LDL by at least 50% - ✅4) Start high dose statin to reduce LDL by at least 50% To enhance self-management skills, diabetes care and education specialists need to:
- encourage rigid adherence to a treatment plan
- focus on taking an individualized approach
- instruct persons with diabetes to contact educator right away if glucose levels are out of range
- remind persons with diabetes that diabetes self-care should always be their first priority - ✅2) focus on taking an individualized approach LS is 43 with type 2 diabetes, with an A1C of 8.8%, UACR is 32 mg/g, GFR is 48, and blood pressure is 136/74 or greater on 2 different occasions. Current medications include metformin 1000mg BID, lovastatin 20mg, glipizide 20mg. Based on the ADA standards of care, the addition of which medication(s) would most improve outcomes?
- SGLT-2 inhibitor and ACE or ARB
- GLP-1 RA and low dose aspirin.
- Basal insulin and a diuretic
- ACE and ARB for blood pressure management - ✅1) SGLT-2 inhibitor and ACE or ARB Because kidney stuff and HTN Risk factor reduction prevents complications. Which of the following actions will reduce ASCVD?
- increasing fiber intake
- taking a daily aspirin
- managing hypertension
- stress management - ✅3) managing hypertension When looking at the Ambulatory Glucose Profile, which is the most accurate statement?
- Keep hypoglycemic events to less than 10% of readings
- Strive for 70% Time in Range
Fasting glucose of 100 - 125mg/dl Borderline diabetes Random glucose greater than 140mg/dl Blood glucose level less than 140 mg/dl after oral glucose - ✅Fasting glucose of 100 - 125mg/dl Which of the following confirmed values meet the diagnostic threshold for diabetes? fasting blood glucose of 100 mg/dl or greater A1c 6% or greater 2 hour post prandial glucose greater than or equal to 180 mg/dl fasting blood glucose equal to or greater than 126mg/dl - ✅fasting blood glucose equal to or greater than 126mg/dl What is true about people with gestational diabetes? they often receive their diagnosis in the first trimester. they have a 50% risk of getting type 2 diabetes they are more likely to have babies who are small for gestational age they have a decreased risk of future cardiovascular disease - ✅they have a 50% risk of getting type 2 diabetes Which medications can increase the risk of hyperglycemia?
- Antipsychotics, steroids, asprin
- Anti-retroviral meds, antipsychotics, steroids 3)Steroids, anti-retroviral meds, diuretics
- Antipsychotics, diuretics, steroids - ✅Anti-retroviral meds, antipsychotics, steroids According to the CDC, what best describes the future prevalence of diabetes in the U.S.? 50% of people above the age of 20 will have type 2 diabetes. The rate of type 1 and type 2 diabetes will triple by the year 2050 1 out of 3 persons will have type 2 diabetes by the year 2050. 1 out of 2 persons will have diabetes by the year 2050. - ✅1 out of 3 persons will have type 2 diabetes by the year 2050. Hypoglycemia during exercise is more likely to be experienced by people who are treated with insulin or: biguanides thiazolidinediones sulfonylureas alpha-glucosidase inhibitor - ✅sulfonylureas Olive oil and canola oil are sources of: Monounsaturated fat Polyunsaturated fat Saturated fat Trans Fat - ✅Monounsaturated fat
JR has type 2 diabetes and takes insulin twice daily, along with metformin. The provider added empagliflozin (Jardiance) 25 mg to JR's medication plan. The next week, JR's fasting blood glucose is 184 mg/dl and JR is nauseated and vomiting for over a day. JR shows up at the clinic to get help. Which of the following actions is most important to determine next treatment steps?
- Check blood glucose levels
- Encourage JR to drink 16 ounces of water to address dehydration.
- Assess blood or urine ketone levels.
- Order labs stat to assess the anion gap. - ✅Assess blood or urine ketone levels. What is the most common cause of Diabetes Ketoacidosis?
- Eating concentrated carbohydrate foods
- Insufficient insulin
- Increased alcohol intake
- Insulin pump therapy - ✅Insufficient insulin When can you stop the insulin drip in a person experiencing Diabetes Ketoacidosis?
- When the blood glucose is consistently less than 300 mg/dl.
- Once the person with diabetes starts eating.
- When the potassium is greater than 3.5.
- When the person is ketone negative. - ✅When the person is ketone negative. For people with type 2 diabetes, which of the following is most likely cause of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome?
- Diarrhea for more than 24 hours
- Forgetting to take metformin for one day.
- A wound infection treated with antibiotics
- A severe anxiety attack - ✅Diarrhea for more than 24 hours Which of the following medication classes can cause hyperglycemia? NSAIDs ACE Inhibitors Atypical Antipsychotics SGLT-2 Inhibitors - ✅Atypical Antipsychotics According to recent research by the ADA/EASD, about 10% of people admitted to the hospital in diabetes crisis have euglycemic diabetes ketoacidosis. Since blood sugars are at normal levels or only slightly elevated, which of the following lab tests most accurately evaluate for euglycemic ketosis?
- Urine ketones and urine glucose.
- Beta-hydroxybutyrate and bicarbonate levels.
- For those with ASCVD, consider adding a SGLT2 Inhibitor or GLP-1 RA. - ✅For those with ASCVD, consider adding a SGLT2 Inhibitor or GLP-1 RA. When considering cost, which of the following meds are most affordable?
- Exenatide XR (Bydureon)
- DPP-IV Inhibitors
- Actos and Avandia
- Metformin and Glipizide - ✅- Metformin and Glipizide According to the AACE Glycemic Control Algorithm, what best represents the A1c and BG targets?
- If person at risk for hypoglycemia, maintain A1c of 7% or greater.
- Fasting BG less than 99 mg/dL, post meal less than 140 mg/dL
- A1c less than 6.5%, Fasting BG less than 110 mg/dL, Post meal less than 180 mg/dL.
- Start 2 meds if A1c is 7% or greater - ✅- If person at risk for hypoglycemia, maintain A1c of 7% or greater. When goal is to avoid hypoglycemia, which medication class would you recommend? Meglitinides SGLT-2 Inhibitors Sulfonylureas Analog insulins - ✅SGLT-2 Inhibitors George type 2 on max dose of Metformin and Glipizide. His A1c of 8.3%. His GFR is in the 50s and he has a history of congestive heart failure. According to the ADA Guidelines, what is the next class of diabetes medication that would be most beneficial? SGLT2 Inhibitor GLP-1 RA Meglitinides DPP-IV Inhibitor - ✅SGLT2 Inhibitor Which of the following is a teaching point for SGLT2 Inhibitors? Report severe joint pain immediately Contact provider with sudden hearing loss Can increase risk of kidney cancer Bathroom hygiene to prevent genital infections. - ✅Bathroom hygiene to prevent genital infections. What best represents metformin safety guidelines? Not indicated for people with history of seizures Can cause kidney failure; Notify MD of edema Can be started in individuals with a GFR of 45 or greater. Hold for 48 hours before dye test - ✅Can be started in individuals with a GFR of 45 or greater.
JR is interested in taking the new oral GLP-1 semaglutide (Rybelsus). Which of the following describes an accurate teaching point for this medication? Take with no more than 8 ounces of water Medication works best when taken at bedtime Avoid taking with other medications Wait at least 15 minutes before eating - ✅Avoid taking with other medications IGlarLixi combines which 2 injectable medications? Glargine and Lisinopril Basal insulin plus SGLT-2 Inhibitor Glargine plus Lexipro Glargine plus a GLP-1 RA - ✅Glargine plus a GLP-1 RA Which of the following are the ADA recommended blood pressure goals? Use the ASCVD risk calculator to stratify goals. Start ACE Inhibitor for people with type 1 diabetes B/P targets are based on degree of proteinuria Maintain systolic pressure less than 130 and diastolic pressure less than 80. - ✅Maintain systolic pressure less than 130 and diastolic pressure less than 80. RJ has type 2 diabetes and a GFR of 63 and UACR of 12 mg/g. According to ADA Standards, how often does RJ need to have their GFR and UACR rechecked? Twice a year Yearly At the first signs of uremia Every 3 months - ✅Yearly According to ADA Standards, which of the following groups meets the criteria to screen for prediabetes and diabetes? Everyone starting at age 35 Those with BMI of 25 or greater and 45 years of age All members of high risk ethic groups Children whose mother had gestational diabetes - ✅Everyone starting at age 35 Which of the following MNT approach is recommended by the American Diabetes Association? Eating a low carb diet and losing at least 5-10 pounds. Losing 5-7% of body weight and 30 minutes of daily activity Consuming a diet high in monounsaturated fats coupled with daily vigorous exercise At least yearly nutrition counseling by a registered dietitian - ✅At least yearly nutrition counseling by a registered dietitian
ACE or ARB and beta blocker mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist - ✅ACE or ARB and beta blocker The ADA Standards of Care include expanded content on the prevention and treatment of hypoglycemia. Based on the updated guidelines for the treatment of hypoglycemia, which of the following is true? If blood glucose is less than 70 mg/dL, treat with a combination of fast acting glucose and protein to sustain blood glucose levels.
- Avoid use of glucagon emergency treatment for those with type 2 diabetes to prevent rebound hyperglycemia.
- In community settings, check blood sugar to verify hypoglycemia before providing glucagon emergency treatment.
- If an individual has one or more episodes of - clinically significant hypoglycemia, consider short- term relaxation of glucose goals. - ✅- clinically significant hypoglycemia, consider short-term relaxation of glucose goals. Signs of hypothyroidism include: Rapid heart rate Bulging eyes Weight gain Excessive sweating - ✅Weight gain People with hyperthyroidism may complain of: Hyperglycemia and weight loss Dry and itchy skin. Toenail thickening and fungus. Swollen glands and anxiety. - ✅Hyperglycemia and weight loss Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is best described as: Over stimulation of the hepatocytes When fat reaches 5 - 10% of liver's weight Excess triglyceride production Increase levels of ketone bodies due to magnesium deficit - ✅When fat reaches 5 - 10% of liver's weight Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding post-transplant diabetes (PTDM)? Prevents candidates from being transplant eligible Only occurs for those taking dexamethasone. Chronic hypoglycemia is a common post-transplant side effect. Associated with a higher rate of graft loss and mortality - ✅Associated with a higher rate of graft loss and mortality Which of the following is a true statement about co-conditions for people living with diabetes? Doubles the risk of acute pancreatitis
Decreases chances of irritable bowel syndrome Increases the intensity of tinnitus Increases risk of skin cancer - ✅Doubles the risk of acute pancreatitis Which of the following labs need to be evaluated immediately with discovery of new type 2 diabetes? GAD, ICA, IAA TSH, Transglutaminase and A1C A1C, lipids and UACR OGTT, Fasting insulin levels and A1C - ✅A1C, lipids and UACR People with cystic fibrosis and diabetes require A low-calorie diet, with limited sweets Calorie dense diet and optimal glucose levels Increased activity and weight reduction. High doses of insulin - ✅Calorie dense diet and optimal glucose levels According to the ADA, people with type 2 diabetes should have their Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) and GFR evaluated: five years after diagnosis and then yearly at diagnosis and then yearly the onset of renal failure and then yearly with the first signs of hypertension and then yearly - ✅at diagnosis and then yearly Which of the following are examples of autonomic neuropathy? excess perspiration on lower extremities and gastroparesis foot ulcers and skin infections gastroparesis and silent MI decreased taste and smell sensation - ✅gastroparesis and silent MI The main feature of proliferative retinopathy is: Proliferation of cotton wool spots. Venous beading Thickening of the retina Growth of new blood vessels - ✅Growth of new blood vessels According to the American Diabetes Association, which of the following recommendations are accurate regarding diabetes and eye disease? For both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, a dilated eye exam should be done upon diagnosis.
Use an ACE or ARB for hypertension with albuminuria. - ✅A1c less than 5.7% As a Diabetes Specialist in a rural clinic, you are asked to consult on a 49-year-old female with type 2 diabetes and a BMI of 27. Blood pressure is 129/74 with the following lab values; A1c of 7.6%, LDL of 97 mg/di, triglycerides 138 and GFR of 59, UACR of 32mg/gm. Her medications include: Metformin 850 mg three times a day, levothyroxine 100 mcg a day, and cetirizine 10mg daily. According to the ADA Cardiovascular Standards of Care, in addition to lifestyle coaching, what medication therapy needs to be added? A statin and SGLT-1i Basal insulin and a statin Aspirin therapy or a statin ACE Inhibitor and a GLP-1 RA - ✅A statin and SGLT-1i A 68-year-old person with type 2 diabetes is on insulin and a beta blocker. Their blood glucose logs show a few glucose levels less than 70 over the past few weeks. Which of the following is a breakthrough symptom of hypoglycemia on a beta blocker? Sweating Shakiness Fast heart rate Sudden leg cramps - ✅Sweating Which of the following tests can detect loss of protective sensation? Bilateral pulse assessment Monofilament testing Ankle Brachial Index ABI Gustatory sweating analysis - ✅Monofilament testing What best describes an Ankle Brachial Index? A measure of temperature variation between upper and lower extremities An explanation of overall blood flow throughout the body Comparison between circulation between left and right lower extremity The ratio of ankle systolic blood pressure to brachial systolic blood pressure - ✅The ratio of ankle systolic blood pressure to brachial systolic blood pressure Which of the following indicates peripheral arterial disease? Foot blanches when in dependent position Lack of hair on lower extremities Skin is brown and thick Increased toenail thickness - ✅Lack of hair on lower extremities
What percent of the population over the age of 65 has type 2 diabetes? 9.3% 18% 26% 34% - ✅26% Mr. J is an 89 year old, who lives alone and has mild retinopathy. His A1c is 9.7% and the MD is written a prescription to start him on intensive insulin therapy. The prescription reads - 3 units of Humalog before each meal and 10 units of Lantus at bedtime. Pt to add 1 unit of Humalog to mealtime dose for every 50 points BG above 150. What would be the best first response to this situation? Contact the prescribing doctor and ask to change the regimen to 10 units of 70/30 BID. Start by instructing Mr. J on how to safely withdrawal and inject insulin. Assess Mr. J's ability to inject 4 times a day and calculate insulin dose based on blood glucose. Thoroughly assess the Mr. J's knowledge of hypoglycemia identification and treatment. - ✅Assess Mr. J's ability to inject 4 times a day and calculate insulin dose based on blood glucose. HR is a 78 year old with a stroke and limited cognition. She has had diabetes for 8 years and is on intensive insulin therapy; Humalog coverage at meals and glargine (Lantus) at night. Her A1c is 6.2%. She has a part time caretaker. What do you suggest? Discuss de-intensifying insulin regimen Move glargine (Lantus) to morning Stop insulin and switch to oral medications only Decrease carbohydrate intake to improve A1C - ✅Discuss de-intensifying insulin regimen You are taking care of a 13-year-old admitted for the second time this month in ketoacidosis. Which of the following issues would be most important to assess? grades in school literacy level adherence to his meal plan risk taking behaviors - ✅risk taking behaviors Which of the following is the correct glucose goal for a 6-12 year old child with type 1 diabetes? 90% Time in Range Post meal blood glucose less than 200 mg/dl Individualized A1c target Less than 30% lows - ✅Individualized A1c target LS is a 16-year-old with type 1 diabetes for the past 3 years. Most recent A1c is 9.3%. LS covers carbs using a 1:15 carb/insulin ratio and takes basal insulin at night. After the parents leave the
Which of the following statements is true regarding preconception care for those with existing diabetes?
- spontaneous abortion rates have been found to correlate with A1c values during the first trimester.
- preconception glucose management can eliminate the risk of congenital anomalies and spontaneous abortion.
- most people in the United States with type 1 and type 2 diabetes achieve optimal glycemic control prior to pregnancy.
- major malformations occur after 8 weeks gestation. - ✅spontaneous abortion rates have been found to correlate with A1c values during the first trimester. Which of the following medications is approved for use in pregnancy? HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Statins) ACE Inhibitors Most beta blockers SGLT-2 for type 2 only - ✅Most beta blockers Pregnancy is said to be a diabetogenic state. Which of the following statements best describes this phenomenon?
- during the second half of pregnancy, the need for insulin increases as the placenta produces hormones that cause insulin resistance.
- significant rate of hypoglycemia during the last trimester due to increased prolactin production.
- insulin pump therapy is contraindicated during pregnancy due to increased risk of hypoglycemia.
- hyperglycemia persists after delivery in most people with gestational diabetes. - ✅during the second half of pregnancy, the need for insulin increases as the placenta produces hormones that cause insulin resistance. Which of the following describes the accurate Dietary Reference Intake during pregnancy according to the American Diabetes Association? Limit to 45 gms of carb per meal Consume at least 28gms of protein per day and increase fiber intake Decrease fiber intake to avoid constipation Aim for about 175 gms of carb a day - ✅Aim for about 175 gms of carb a day Which of the following complications are NOT associated with gestational diabetes? macrosomia and hyperbilirubinemia fetal infections and small for gestational age hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia preterm birth and shoulder dystocia - ✅fetal infections and small for gestational age Which of the following are desirable blood glucose goals for diabetes during pregnancy, according to the American Diabetes Association?
fasting 60-105 mg/dl, 1 hour post prandial 100-140 mg/dl fasting 60-90 mg/dl, 2 hour post prandial 100-140 mg/dl fasting 70-95 mg/dl, 2 hour post prandial 100-120 mg/dl fasting 70-130 mg/dl, 1 hour post prandial <180 mg/dl - ✅fasting 70-95 mg/dl, 2 hour post prandial 100-120 mg/dl Breastfeeding is encouraged for those living with type 1 diabetes, but they will need additional support. Which of the following is true when working with these clients postpartum? they are at risk for hypoglycemia their infant is at risk for hypoglycemia their insulin dosage will need to be increased they are at decreased risk for post partum depression. - ✅they are at risk for hypoglycemia The American Diabetes Association recommends universal screening for at-risk pregnancies as soon as possible after the confirmation of pregnancy. Criteria for increased risk include: Glycosuria, obese, > 25 years of age, strong family history of diabetes The same risk factors for type 2 as listed in the ADA standards of medical care. More than 35 years of age, member of high-risk ethnic group, strong family history of diabetes. Glycosuria, > 25 years of age, member of high-risk ethnic group, strong family history of diabetes - ✅The same risk factors for type 2 as listed in the ADA standards of medical care. Gestational Diabetes New diabetes in pregnancy Prediabetes in pregnancy Pre existing diabetes in pregnancy Match Discovered during 24-28 weeks Diabetes discovered before 15 weeks Fasting blood glucose of 100 - 125 mg/dl Type 1 or Type 2 - ✅YUH JR is admitted with type 1 diabetes to the hospital to treat pneumonia. What is the best strategy to manage JR's diabetes while he is hospitalized? Use mild insulin sliding scale to prevent hypoglycemia Only give bolus insulin for blood glucose greater than 140 Reduce JR's usual basal insulin dose by 40% Implement JR's home insulin regimen and adjust as needed - ✅Implement JR's home insulin regimen and adjust as needed AJ has type 2 diabetes and was started on steroids. AJ's blood sugars were in the 300s, but the steroids are being tapered down as AJ is improving; AJ is on 20 units of glargine and 6 units of lispro with each meal; For the past 3 mornings, AJ's morning blood sugars have been; 87, 74, and 69 respectively; What is the best action?
