Understanding the U.S. Budget Process: Executive and Legislative Branches, Exams of Nursing

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CDFM MODULE 1 VERIFIED 100% CORRECT

What prevents Congress and the President from unilaterally making laws and treaties? - Answer Separation of Power What give Congress the authority to make laws? - Answer Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution Who reviews the constitution for interpretation of the constitution? - Answer Supreme Court Who has the power to raise taxes given in Article 1 of the Constitution? - Answer Congress (Legislative Branch) What does the Congress of the US consist of? - Answer Senate (6 yrs); House (2 yrs) All bills for raising Revenue shall originate where? But the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. - Answer House of Representative To be able to override a presidential veto, the House has to have a majority to pass the bill; and if approved, then goes to the Senate for a vote to pass the bill. If approved, the Bill becomes Law. What is the percentage the vote has to pass by in both the House & Senate? - Answer 2/3 and 2/ If any Bill shall not be returned by the President after it has been presented to him, the Same shall be a law. How many days? - Answer 10 Days Who has the power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and Excises to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States.

• Answer Congress Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution allows for what? - Answer 1) borrow money on credit 2) regulate commerce; 3) Coin money; 4) Constitute Tribunals; 5) Declare War; 6) Raise and support Armies; 7) provide and maintain Navy; 8) Make Rules for Government Regulation of land and naval forces; 9) Provide for calling forth Militia; 10) to make all laws No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in the Consequence of Appropriations made by law. - Answer Article 1, Section 9 Once the money officially and legally gets into the Treasury, to be able to use the money, what does Congress have to do? - Answer Write a Law Gives executive power to the President to be the Commander in Chief and to execute the laws - Answer Article 2 Executive Branch The President has the power to nominate and with the advice and consent

How often does the President give to Congress the State of the Union (Jan/Feb) time frame. - Answer Once year Who and what branch is responsibly for faithfully executing the laws enacted by Congress (Legislative Branch)? - Answer President (Executive Branch) The Supreme Court does not deal in the matter of what? - Answer State Laws A new Congress convenes for two years following the November general elections, it consists of how many sessions, and each in what duration? - Answer 2 sessions; 1 year duration This may originate either in the House of Representatives or in the Senate. There is little practice difference between a bill and a " ", once agree, it goes to the President for signature. - Answer Joint Resolution Matters affecting the operation of the House & Senate and both chambers agree, does not go to the President for signature. - Answer Concurrent Resolution The House and Senate can each write an matter concerning the operation on its own. Applies to the chamber that created it. Knows as the H.Res & S.Res - Answer Simple Resolution During the State of The Union, what message is the President giving? - Answer State of Union, recommend measures necessary and expedient Can an Executive Branch Department pass legislation with the approval of OMB and on Behalf of the president, to a congressional committee or subcommittee - Answer Yes, but must be approved by OMB Who resolves differences between the HR and the Senate? - Answer Conference Committee (Third Chamber) What is usually the first step in the process for consideration by committee? - Answer Public Hearing When a Conference Committee is convened dealing with an amendment, what can the conferees do and not do? - Answer Only deal with matters in disagreement; cannot insert new matter or leave out matter agreed on The final step after the Conference Committee Resolution after a measure has been passed in identical form by both the House andSenate, it is considered to be what? - Answer "Enrolled" (then sent to the president) What was declared unconstitutional in 1998 with respect to Presidential Veto? - Answer Line Item Veto

If the President Veto a Bill, it is returned to the house of original acting first. If the Bill does not receive 2/3 vote, it is sustained and the bill fails to become law. If it receives the required 2/3 vote, an endorsement to the effect is made on the back of the bill and it is then transmitted, with the accompany message, the to the second house for its action. What has to happen for the Bill to become Law? - Answer The next house has to pass it with a 2/3 vote to become law. Who is responsible for the 3 phases of the Budget Cycle? - Answer OMB What are the 3 Phases of the Budget Cycle? - Answer Budget Formulation, Congressional Action and Budget Execution Who does the Federal budget belong to? - Answer The President The Budget Formulation processed is governed by this? - Answer OMB Circular A- OMB Circular A-11 sets out the promises of the president - Answer Presidential Priorities What are the six major steps in the budget formulation process laid out in OMB Circular A-11? - Answer 1) OMB Issues guidance; 2) Organization develops draft; 3) Agency submit budget estimates to OMB; 4) OMB hold hearings on Agency Budgets; 5) President makes final decisions on Agency budgets; 6) President transmits the budget to Congress. What organization is responsible for helping the President with spending policy, managing the executive budget, and providing advice an dangles on a broad range of topics? - Answer Additional OMB Duties The President is responsible to transmit the budget of the US government to congress NLT when? - Answer 1st Monday in February each year Congress she process authorization legislation, which authorizes or allows programs to exist. They also pass appropriations, which provide funding for programs - Answer Congressional Action Phase The President signs the bills into law that provides legal budget authority to incur obligations and make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. - Answer Appropriation In the Congressional Action Phase, who holds hearing in January in preperation for drafting the concurrent resolution of the budget? - Answer Budget Committees Budget Committees this to their respective houses. The resolution sets spending revenue and other budget targets for the upcoming fiscal year. - Answer Concurrent Resolution - April of each year

bill. - Answer Budget Execution Process

What is the Form that OSD has to send to OMB to request apportionment within 10 days of the Presenting signing the appropriations bill? - Answer SF- What does the apportionment provide to the Federal agencies? - Answer Obligation Authority OSD/OMB negotiates apportionments (OSD must request apportionment via form SF-132). OMB has 30 days after the appropriations act passage to effect apportionment. - Answer Within 10 days of the appropriations Act Financial control document issued by the Treasury Department

• Answer Appropriation Warrant What devices up the appropriation? - Answer Apportionment Apportionment is required by what USC? - Answer 31 USC 1512 Apportionment helps to achieve the cost effective and economical use of what? - Answer Available Funds It is a violation of law for an agency to incur obligations or make expenditures in excess of what? - Answer the amount apportioned The President is required to send a notice to the appropriate commitment. If Congress does not notify the President within 45 days to release the funds, the funds may be what? - Answer Deferred (2 USC 684) Funds that are cancelled by congressional action. - Answer Rescission Required the system of administrative controls - Answer 31 USC 1514 is not required for the operation and maintenance appropriation accounts, revolving funds accounts, or military personnel appropriation accounts, but may be used if cost effective. - Answer Commitment Accounting Legal reservation of funds are the amounts of orders places, contracts awarded, services received, and similar transactions during an accounting period that will require payment during the same or future periods. - Answer Obligations certification that certifies to the KO purpose, time and amount. The basis for a commitment - Answer Fiduciary Certifies vouchers for payments - Answer Certifying Officers Appropriates the funds and sends to OMB for apportionment - Answer Congress

Responsible for Allots, commits, obligates and outlays the funding - Answer Agency funds that have actually been moved from the federal treasury - Answer Outlays Who is the primary oversight committee for the DoD programs? - Answer HAC & SAC Who's is the head of the Comptroller General? - Answer Government Accountability Office (GAO)

1. Budget Formulation, 2) Congressional Review 3) Budget Execution - Answer Federal Budget Process The budget formulation is based on performance planning/reporting as required by what? - Answer Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) Government budget outlays exceed its budget receipts for any given period - Answer Budget Deficit the transactions of Government entities that laws exclude from the on- budget totals (those of SSA, Trust Fund, and Postal Service are not included in the budget deficit)

• Answer Budget totals Specific statutory authority to incur obligations - Answer Contract authority Cash value of the resources allocated to a particular program - Answer Cost Budgetary resources provided in an appropriations act. - Answer Discretionary Spending Authority to make payments - Answer Entitle Authority Occurs when a check is issued - Answer Expenditure Spending that is controlled by laws. - Answer Mandatory Spending Primary measure of government spending - Answer Outlay How large is discretionary spending, budget authority that is indefinite - Answer 34% This spending is mandatory for entitlement programs such as SS, corporate income taxes, excise taxes, etc. This is a "permanent appropriation" - Answer Non- Discretionary What makes up the greatest revenue source? - Answer Individual Income

Taxes

What jobs cannot be reassigned to non-military personnel during war effort? - Answer Military incumbency is required by law, possessing military unique skills or

experience, military authority or discipline is requisite of the position, alternative manpower is not availble An expansion of military members through mobilization may require an increase in what workforce? - Answer Increase in Civilian workforce Mobilization is the process of assembling, organizing and using manpower and material resources in preparation for war or other emergency. The mobilization process can help deter war as well as enhance war fighting capability. - Answer Master Mobilization Plan (MMP) Gives the President authority to order to active duty Selected Reserve and Ready Reserves w/o the consent of Congress for no more than 365 days. - Answer 10 USC 12304 A position based designation stating that a person occupying an E-E position could be deployed to a crisis area. - Answer Emergency Essential Personnel budget estimates are prepared in terms of full-time equivalent (Fee) employment, as required by.. - Answer OMB Circular A- DoD Separation Incentives - requires that buyout payments be paid from amounts available for the employee's pay, and generally, be fully repaid if the employee rejoins the Federal Government within fiver years of separation - Answer 5 USC 9902(i) Requires annual list of activities performed by executive agency that are not inherently government functions. These are lists of positions that are not considered to be inherently governmental - Answer Federal Activities Inventory Reform Act of 1998 (FAIR Act) Positions that can be done by contractor personnel - Answer Non- inherently governmental The head of the Executive agency shall promptly transmit a copy of the list to Congress to make the list available to the public. The director OMB shall promptly publish in the Federal Register a notice that the list is available to the public. - Answer Public Availability of Lists Executive agency shall use a process to select the source (except where except by law) - Answer Competition Required This defines activities in two categories, commercial activity, and inherently governmental activity - Answer OMB Circular A- Determination of agency policy, such as determining the content and application of regulations, among other things - Answer Inherently governmental

WHICH AGENCY ISSUES DIRECTIONS FOR USE BY OTHER AGENCIES IN

SUBMITTING THEIR BUDGET ESTIMATES? - Answer OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB WHAT TYPE OF LEGISLATION PROVIDES AN AGENCY WITH BUDGET AUTHORITY? - Answer APPROPRIATION ACTS PROVIDE BUDGET AUTHORITY WHAT TERM IS USED TO DESCRIBE A SUBDIVISION OF AN APPORTIONMENT?

• Answer ALLOTMENT WHAT AGENCY ISSUES APPORTIONMENT'S? - Answer OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT OF BUDGET OMB WHICH BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT CONDUCTS HEARINGS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS? - Answer LEGISLATIVE CONGRESS IN THE FEDERAL BUDGET PROCESS, WHICH ORGANIZATIONS ACTUALLY PREPARE BUDGET ESTIMATES? - Answer FEDERAL AGENCIES WHAT IS THE LARGEST SINGLE SOURCE OF FEDERAL TAX REVENUE? - Answer INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX 43 PERCENT WHAT ARE THE REQUESTS FOR FUNDS IN ADDITION TO AMOUNTS ALREADY APPROPRIATED CALLED? - Answer SUPPLEMENTAL WHAT FINANCIAL CONTROL DOCUMENT IS ISSUED BY THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT FOLLOWING SIGNATURE OF THE APPROPRIATION ACT? - Answer APPROPRIATION WARRANT WHAT TERM DESCRIBES POSTPONEMENT IN THE USE OF APPROPRIATED FUNDS? - Answer DEFERRAL WHAT TERM DESCRIBES A CANCELLATION OF APPROPRIATED FUNDS? - Answer RECESSION AFTER THE DOD APPROPRIATIONS BILL IS SIGNED INTO LAW, WHAT DOES THE DOD REQUEST FROM OMB? - Answer APPORTIONMENT AN ADMINISTRATIVE RESERVATION OF FUNDS IS KNOWN AS WHAT? - Answer COMMITMENT WHAT GIVES A FEDERAL AGENCY THE LEGAL AUTHORITY TO OPERATE A PROGRAM? - Answer AUTHORIZATION LEGISLATION ARTICLE 1 SECTION 8 CLAUSE 1 OF THE US CONSTITUTION EMPOWERS WHICH ELEMENT OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO COLLECT TAXES? - Answer LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

PREVENTS CONGRESS AND THE PRESIDENT FROM UNILATERALLY MAKING

LAWS AND TREATIES. - Answer SEPARATION OF POWERS COMPOSED OF MEMBERS CHOSEN EVERY SECOND YEAR BY THE PEOPLE OF SEVERAL STATES - Answer HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMPOSED OF TWO MEMBERS FROM EACH STATE FOR SIX YEARS HAVING ONE VOTE - Answer SENATE ALL BILLS FOR RAISING REVENUE SHALL ORIGINATE WHERE? - Answer HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES POWER TO LAY AND COLLECT TAXES - Answer CONGRESS POWER TO CONSTITUTE TRIBUNALS INFERIOR TO SUPREME COURT - Answer CONGRESS CONGRESS CAN RAISE AND SUPPORT ARMIES BUT NO APPROPRIATION OF MONEY TO THAT USE SHALL BE LONGER THAN? - Answer TWO YEARS NO MONEY SHALL BE DRAWN FROM THE TREASURY BUT IN CONSEQUENCE OF - Answer APPROPRIATION FROM TIME TO TIME WHAT SHALL BE PUBLISHED REGARDING PUBLIC MONEY - Answer STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT AND RECEIPTS EXECUTIVE POWER OF THE UNITED STATES IS VESTED IN WHO? - Answer PRESIDENT WHO IS COMMANDER AND CHIEF OF ARMY AND NAVY? - Answer PRESIDENT WHO HAS POWER WITH THE ADVICE AND CONSENT OF SENATE 2/ MAJORITY TO MAKE TREATIES , APPOINT AMBASSADORS, PUBLIC MINISTERS , SUPREME COURT JUSTICES ,AND CONSULS - Answer PRESIDENT WHO PROVIDES STATE OF THE UNION AND RECOMMENDS CONSIDERATION FOR MEASURES JUDGES NECESSARY - Answer PRESIDENT WHO INTERPRETS LAWS - Answer JUDICIAL BRANCH RULES ON FEDERAL LAWS AND CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES - Answer SUPREME COURT HOW MANY SESSIONS DOES CONGRESS CONVENE AND HOW LONG DO THEY LAST - Answer TWO SESSIONS ONE YEAR EACH

WHO CAN CONSTITUTE TRIBUNALS INFERIOR TO SUPREME COURT? -

Answer CONGRESS TO RAISE AND SUPPORT ARMIES NO APPROPRIATION OF MONEY TO THAT USE SHALL BE LONGER THAN - Answer TWO YEARS WHO MAKES LAWS WHICH ARE NECESSARY AND PROPER FOR EXECUTION THE FOREGOING POWERS? - Answer CONGRESS NO MONEY SHALL BE DRAWN FROM THE TREASURY BUT IN CONSEQUENCE OF - Answer APPROPRIATIONS REGULAR STATEMENT AND ACCOUNT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF ALL PUBLIC MONEY SHALL BE? - Answer PUBLISHED FROM TIME TO TIME EXECUTIVE POWER VESTED IN - Answer POTUS COMMANDER AND CHIEF OF ARMY AND NAVY? - Answer POTUS POWER BY AND WITH THE ADVICE AND CONSENT OF THE SENATE TO MAKE TREATIES PROVIDED TWO THIRDS SENATE CONCUR - Answer POTUS SHALL NOMINATE WITH ADVICE AND CONSENT OF SENATE AMBASSADORS, PUBLIC MINISTERS, AND COUNSELS - Answer POTUS RECOMMEND CONSIDERATION OF MEASURES NECESSARY AND EXPEDIENT TO CONGRESS - Answer POTUS WHO EXECUTES THE LAW? - Answer POTUS WHO CAN ESTABLISH INFERIOR COURTS? - Answer CONGRESS WHO RULES ON FEDERAL LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES? - Answer SUPREME COURT WHO INTERPRETS LAW? - Answer JUDICIAL BRANCH WHEN DOES NEW CONGRESS CONVENE? - Answer TWO YEARS FOLLOWING THE NOVEMBER GENERAL ELECTION. TWO SESSIONS ONE YEAR IN DURATION HOW DO JOINT RESOLUTIONS BECOME LAW? - Answer SAME MANNER AS BILLS ARE PROPOSED AMENDMENTS PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT FOR APPROVAL - Answer NO

AFTER CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS ARE APPROVED BY HOUSE AND

SENATE WHO SIGNS? - Answer CLERK OF THE HOUSE AND SECRETARY OF THE SENATE ARE CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT? - Answer NO WHEN DOES THE PRESIDENT NORMALLY PRESENT OR SUBMIT HIS ANNUAL MESSAGE ON THE STATE OF THE UNION? - Answer SHORTLY AFTER THE BEGINNING OF A SESSION. WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR NOTIFYING CONGRESS OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH REQUESTED LEGISLATION? - Answer OMB WHO IS THE PRESIDENTS WATCHDOG? - Answer OMB WHO DOES OMB ANSWER TO? - Answer PRESIDENT WHO RESOLVES DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HOUSE AND SENATE VERSIONS OF BILL? - Answer CONFERENCE COMMITTEE ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MAY INTRODUCE A BILL AT ANY TIME WHILE THEIR CHAMBER IS IN SESSION BY PLACING IN? - Answer HOPPER AFTER HEARINGS ARE COMPLETED, A BILL IS CONSIDERED IN A SESSION THAT IS KNOW AS - Answer MARK UP IF COMMITTEE APPROVES EXTENSIVE AMENDMENTS THEY MAY DECIDE TO REPORT A NEW BILL INCORPORATING THE AMENDMENTS KNOWN AS - Answer CLEAN BILL AFTER THE BILL HAS PASSED ONE BODY THE BILL IS CALLED - Answer ENGROSSED CONFERENCE COMMITTEES ARE COMPOSED OF - Answer MEMBERS OF THE RESPECTIVE HOUSE AND SENATE COMMITTEES THIRD CHAMBER - Answer CONFERENCE COMMITTEES CONFERENCE COMMITTEES CANNOT - Answer INSERT NEW MATTER OR LEAVE OUT MATTER AGREED TO BY BOTH HOUSES AFTER A MEASURE HAS BEEN PASSED IN IDENTICAL FORM BY BOTH THE HOUSE AND SENATE IT IS CALLED - Answer ENROLLED HOW LONG DOES PRESIDENT HAVE TO ACT ON BILL - Answer TEN DAYS EXCLUDING SUNDAY