Docsity
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Docsity AI
Docsity AI
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search for your university

Find the specific documents for your university's exams

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

Hematology and Blood Disorders: A Comprehensive Guide, Exams of Engineering

University of CambridgeEngineering

A comprehensive overview of hematology, covering essential concepts, normal ranges, and clinical applications. It delves into blood cell components, their functions, and associated disorders, including anemia, leukemia, and clotting abnormalities. The document also explores key laboratory tests used in hematology diagnostics, such as cbc, iron studies, and coagulation tests. It is a valuable resource for students and professionals seeking a concise yet informative guide to hematology.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 02/02/2025

peter-karanja-3
peter-karanja-3 🇬🇧

5

(3)

4.1K documents

1 / 6

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
CDS exam
normal hemoglobin range - Answers -M: 13.5-17.5 g/dL
F: 12-15.5 g/dL
normal WBC range - Answers -4.5-11 K/uL
normal platelet range - Answers -150-450 K/uL
normal hematocrit range - Answers -M: 41-50%
F: 35-45%
erythrocyte indicies - Answers --MCV
-MCH
-MCHC
-RDW
peripheral blood smear - Answers -size, shape, numbers of blood cells
MCV - Answers --mean cell volume
-most clinically useful in differentiating types of anemias
80-100 um^3
MCH - Answers --mean cell hemoglobin
80-100um^3
MCHC - Answers -mean cell hemoglobin concentration
33-37gHb/dL
RDW - Answers -level of variation in size of RBCs
12-15%
serum iron - Answers -amount of iron in transit in the body
60-150 ug/dL
serum ferritin - Answers -iron stores in the body
15-200ng/dL
TIBC - Answers -body's ability to bind iron (inversely related to ferritin)*if iron stores are
low, transferrin value is high bc body is wanting to bind iron but doesn't have it to bind*
250-400ug/dL
pf3
pf4
pf5

Partial preview of the text

Download Hematology and Blood Disorders: A Comprehensive Guide and more Exams Engineering in PDF only on Docsity!

CDS exam

normal hemoglobin range - Answers -M: 13.5-17.5 g/dL F: 12-15.5 g/dL normal WBC range - Answers -4.5-11 K/uL normal platelet range - Answers -150-450 K/uL normal hematocrit range - Answers -M: 41-50% F: 35-45% erythrocyte indicies - Answers --MCV -MCH -MCHC -RDW peripheral blood smear - Answers -size, shape, numbers of blood cells MCV - Answers --mean cell volume -most clinically useful in differentiating types of anemias 80-100 um^ MCH - Answers --mean cell hemoglobin 80-100um^ MCHC - Answers -mean cell hemoglobin concentration 33-37gHb/dL RDW - Answers -level of variation in size of RBCs 12-15% serum iron - Answers -amount of iron in transit in the body 60-150 ug/dL serum ferritin - Answers -iron stores in the body 15-200ng/dL TIBC - Answers -body's ability to bind iron (inversely related to ferritin)if iron stores are low, transferrin value is high bc body is wanting to bind iron but doesn't have it to bind 250-400ug/dL

iron deficiency anemia - Answers --most common microcytic anemia -high RDW (cells are very small) -hypochromic cells reticulocyte production index - Answers -0.5-2.5% serum vitamin B12 - Answers -160-950pg/mL serum folate - Answers -5-25 ng/mL Why order a CBC? - Answers --to determine presence of anemia -evidence for presence of infectious agents (viruses/bacteria affect wbc counts) -identify WBC disorders (acute/chronic leukemia) -assess platelets in bleeding disorders relative vs absolute WBC counts - Answers --relative WBC count = % of each type -absolute WBC count = actual # of each type (% x WBC count) ANC - Answers --absolute neutrophil count -determines risk for infection -part of innate immune system where they travel around in blood -calculated measurement (WBC count on diff) x (% neutrophils) x 10 normal ANC range - Answers -1800-7800 cells/mm^ when ANC range falls below what, you should be very concerned about risk of infection

  • Answers - what is leukocytosis - Answers -high WBC count malignant proliferation of WBCs (either lymphoid or myeloid lineage) causes ____ due to immature "blasts" preventing maturation to _____ - Answers -neutropenia, neutrophils leukemia - Answers -malignancy in the blood or bone marrow causing leukocytosis lymphoma - Answers --lymphoid malignancy mostly in tissues (either B or T cell predominates) -total lymph node bx for dx -dx cannot be made on blood results alone acute vs chronic - Answers -acute = many blasts chronic = few blasts, but other predominate cells (ex. having a ton of eosinophils/basophils but very few blasts -- mutation allows them to mature but function is impaired)

vWF testing - Answers -immunologic assay that assesses for the presence of that factor Thrombin time - Answers -clotting time, measures length of time to convert fibrinogen --

fibrin fibrinogen - Answers -determines amount of fibrinogen mixing studies - Answers -detects autoantibodies; performed after a factor deficiency is identified to see if autoantibodies specific for that factor that is deficient D-dimer - Answers -a breakdown product of fibrin -elevated after bleeding/surgery & can determine whether there are clots in the bdoy factor assays - Answers -determine certain factors and whether any are deficient what is the energy source for cellular metabolism - Answers -glycolysis what cells rely exclusively on glucose - Answers -brain, RBC insulin's action - Answers -inc cell membrane permeability to glucose; stimulates glycogenesis glucagon's action - Answers -principal hormone to inc blood glucose somatostatin's action - Answers -suppresses glucagon and insulin release epinephrine's action - Answers -stimulates glycogenolysis; back-up for glucagon cortisol's action - Answers -stimulates gluconeogenesis; antagonizes insulin ACTH's action - Answers -inhibits glucose uptake by cells; enhances release of cortisol & fatty acids Growth Hormone's action - Answers -antagonizes insulin; mobilizes fatty acids; enhances transport of amino acids thyroxine's action - Answers -enhances glycogenolysis what does hemoglobin A1C test? - Answers -in the presence of high levels of glucose, hemoglobin molecules irreversibly acquire a glucose on the beta chain creating glycated Hgb what does fasting plasma glucose measure - Answers -glucose in a fasting patients blood

what are the supplementary tests for DM? - Answers --ketones and beta- hydroxybutyrate -c peptide -insulin -glucagon -immune testing what does immune testing look for in DM diagnostics? - Answers -antibodies towards insulin or beta cells in pancreas insulin & c peptide relationship - Answers --proinsulin is made in the pancreas and cleaved into C-peptide and insulin -C peptide is in equal proportion to insulin but has a much longer 1/2 life -insulin:c peptide should be less than or = to 1 (if its >1, there's excess insulin from anti- insulin antibodies or injection) what is a good measurement for ketoacidosis? - Answers -BHB: beta-hydroxybutyrate why is BHB a good marker for determining ketoacidosis? - Answers -When fasting or under stress body uses glycogen stores in liver and skeletal muscle first then followed quickly by fatty acids from adipocytes. Shift in metabolism creates ketone bodies which cannot be utilized as fast as they are created so BHB is a good marker of determining ketoacidosis in patients 2 variations of hyperglycemia - Answers -Diabetic ketoacidosis & hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state why is HHS more severe than DKA? - Answers -in HHS, they are still making some insulin so body doesn't go into DKA DKA expected lab changes - Answers --hyperglycemia -elevated serum osmolality -high anion gap metabolic acidosis -decreased bicarb/CO2 on BMP -hyponatremia (factitious) -hypokalemia (corrected)

  • (+) urine ketones & urine glucose -elevated BHB DKA clinical presentation sx - Answers -N/V, abdominal pain, Kussmaul breathing, dehydration Thyroid testing - Answers --TSH -T4/Free T -T3/ Free T -autoimmune antibodies