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CE 306 REVISED STANDARD EXAM.
Lecture 02 What is a project? - Solution A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. What are the characteristics of a project? - Solution -Beginning and end date (a defined timeframe) -A definite goal or objective (you know when you're done) -Require resources (time, labor, money, equipment) TEMPORARY AND UNIQUE Who are the three key players in Construction Teams? What do they do? - Solution -Owners: set project parameters, operational criteria, and quality level -Designers: typically an architect or engineer that meets the needs of the owner and who create design alternatives that meet local, state, and federal safety regulations -Contractor: Can be a general contractor or construction manager that is responsible for the performance of all work What are the components of the iron triangle? - Solution Scope, Cost, and Time What is the importance of the iron triangle? - Solution The balance of quality of a project. What are the tradeoffs of the iron triangle? - Solution -Low Costs and Quick = Low Quality -Fast and Good = High Costs -Low Cost and High Quality = Low Priority
What are the project phases/lifecycle? - Solution -First, a public owner creates the scope of the project and uses a qualifications based selection to pick a designer -Second the Designer/General Contractor refine the scope, schematic design, and construction documents -Lastly the general contractor performs a bidding and selection process where: owner conducts mandated advertisement, the award goes to the lowest bidder, and the construction documents become contract documents What is the Role of Project Manager? - Solution -Organize a project team of people and coordinate their efforts -Work well with people -Good communication skills -Five basic functions: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling -To control, evaluate, monitor, and coordinate the work done Lecture 03 Project Roles - Solution What is the role of the owner? - Solution -Creates the vision, approves the design What is the role of the Designer/Architect? - Solution -Draws plan sets used to build the project using aesthetics and fuctionality What is the role of the engineer? - Solution -Draws plan sets used to build the project using safety and functionality What is the role of the general contractor? - Solution -Manages the construction process What is the role of the subcontractor? - Solution -Physically constructs the project What is the role of the building tenants? - Solution -Understand a tenant's requirements/needs before the project
What are technical specifications? - Solution -Specifies a type of material, the dimension required, and installation to produce the desired results for the owner What are drawings? - Solution -A visual description of the project What are contract exhibits? - Solution -Supplemental information specific to the project including: scope of work, project safety plan, project schedule, etc. What are change orders? - Solution -An amendment to a construction contract that changes the contractor's scope of work What are the two projects supplemental information? - Solution -Request for Information -Daily Reports What is a daily report? - Solution -Summary of daily conditions and events of a worksite on every workday, prepared for the offsite project administrators What is a RFI? - Solution Can be a request for information or confirmation of clarification -Confirm interpretation of a detail or common understanding of work/secure the written direction or other clarification What are the four different types of construction price contracts? - Solution -Lump Sum -Unit Price -Time and Materials -Cost Plus What is a lump sum? - Solution -They outline on fixed prices for the project, best for projects with little to no surprises What is a unit price? - Solution -Costs are based on units of work, determined without knowing the exact amount of units for the project
What is Time and Materials? - Solution -Works best with projects that have a not well defined project scope -Used to reimburse one party for the cost of the materials needed to complete a job, along with a predetermined hourly wage and other fees related to the service being provided What is Cost Plus? - Solution -The owner pays for the costs incurred during the project plus a set amount of profit calculated as a percentage Lecture 07 Project Delivery Methods - Solution What is DBB? Name advantages and disadvantages. - Solution -Design Bid Build -One piece of the project has to be completed before another step is started -The Design, Bid (award the lowest bid), and Construction Phases -Widely used, well understand, well established with clearly defined role with owner having rights to some of the design -Process is longer with a limiting effectiveness and constructability of the design What is DB? Name advantages and disadvantages. - Solution -Design Build -A single contract with the owner to provide both architectural/engineering design services and construction -With Guaranteed Maximum Price -Cost efficient, quicker delivery, higher project coordination, reduce project claims and disputes -Owner has less control, DB team handles the design details and their qualifications need to be high What is Construction Manger at Risk (CM/GC)? Name advantages and disadvantages. - Solution -The CM/GC provides construction input to the owner during the design phases and becomes the general contractor during the construction phase -Incorporate a contractor's perspective and project delivery is typically faster
-Parametric Estimate = 10-50% design Replace conceptual estimate -Detailed Estimate = 50-100% design Bid and change orders What are the three price information sources? - Solution -Cost Guides Manuals -Historical Databases -Actual Costs (best) What factors impact estimating? - Solution -Project size and complexity -Location -Shape -Schedule and time frame -Capacity -Quality -Geotechnical What does ROM stand for? - Solution -Rough order of Magnitude What is an ROM? - Solution -Estimate based off very little design information and use gross units costs with a +-20% of the actual project cost -Identify a cost per unit, make adjustments based on economies of scale, time, and location plus add other items What is the ROM estimate equation? - Solution ROM = unadjusted total cost * cost multiplier * time factor * location factor What is the difference between direct and indirect cost? - Solution -Direct costs are business expenses required to produce goods and offer services, while indirect costs are overhead expenses that keep the company operating -Indirect: Insurance and Bonding -Direct: Materials, labor, equipment costs, etc.
Lecture 10, 11 Cost Control - Solution What are the project payment methods? - Solution -Fixed price contracts -Cost plus with Guaranteed Maximum Price -Cost Plus without Guaranteed Maximum Price What are the types of fixed price contracts? What do they mean? - Solution -Lump Sum: Agreed price of project -Unit Price: construction company prices individual units of work to estimate a total project cost What is cost plus with GMP? - Solution -A contractor is reimbursed for specified incurred costs, with an additional allowance provided for overhead and profit What is cost plus without GMP? - Solution -Same as cost plus with GMP but there is no pre-determined Maximum Price and no sometimes no pre- determined defined scope of work, the contractor earns money as work is completed What are the major goals of cost control? - Solution -Controlling project expenditures -Monitoring change orders -Approving subcontractor invoices -Preparing owner pay applications What is the cost control lifecycle? - Solution -Establish project controls -Establish a baseline budget for construction costs -Monitor cost variances for early corrective action -Identify gaps in your project controls Lecture 14, 15 Scheduling - Solution What is the purpose of project scheduling? (Why do we schedule? (List three reasons) - Solution -Project scheduling aims to communicate what
What are the advantages of the CP Method? - Solution -Considers the relationship between activities -It shows the activities and their outcomes as a network diagram -It helps in determining the slack time -It is extensively used in the industry -It helps in optimization by determining the project duration What are the disadvantages of the CP Method? - Solution -Considers the activities as fixed duration -For bigger projects, CPM networks can be complicated too -Does not handle the scheduling of the resource allocation Lecture 18 Leadership and Project Management - Solution What are the three components of the PMI Talent Triangle? Describe them.
- Solution -Technical Project Management: The skills to effectively apply project management knowledge to deliver the desired outcomes for programs or projects -Strategic and Business Management: Ability to see a high-level overview of the organization -Leadership: Ability to guide, motivate, and direct a team What are the three leadership styles? Describe them. - Solution Visionary: Moves people toward shared goals, connect what a person wants with the organization's goals Democratic: Values people's input and gets commitment through participation Commanding: Focuses on goals and uses authority to control people's actions What is Emotional Intelligence? - Solution -The ability to understand and manage your own emotions, and those of the people around you Why is it important to know your teams' work styles, priorities, and strengths? - Solution -To anticipate member's needs and determine how to work together productively
Lecture 19 Communication and Conflict Management - Solution What is the importance of Project Communication Management? What are the two parts? - Solution -To ensure that the information needs of the project and its stakeholders are met and to achieve effective information exchange -Two parts: Developing a strategy and to implement the communication strategy What are the PCM Processes? Describe them. - Solution -Plan Communication Management: Developing an appropriate approach and plan for project communication activities based on the information needs of the project and stakeholders -Manage Communications: Ensuring timely and appropriate collection, creations, distribution, storage, retrieval, management, monitoring of the project information -Monitor Communications: Ensuring the information needs are met What are the five things included in a Communication Plan Draft? - Solution -Introduction and background -A list of the project sponsor, project manager, PDT members, and other key stakeholders -Methods of communications used, including formal meetings to be held -Project reporting information -Stakeholder's Analysis What are the four tailoring considerations for PCM? - Solution - Stakeholders -Physical Location -Communication Technology -Language What are the nine steps to developing a Conflict Management Strategy? (shoot me) - Solution -Acknowledge the conflict -Establish ground rules -Establish common ground and shared goals -Separate the problem from the people
-Must comply with project size requirements (DB + C minimum 1000 square feet of gross floor area) What are the ten steps to devising a LEED Work Plan? (this blows chunks) Or just what is a LEED Work Plan? - Solution -Initiate the discovery phase -Owner selects LEED Rating System -Check minimum program requirements -Establish project goals -Define the LEED project scope -Develop a LEED scorecard -Project registration -Assign roles and responsibilities -Develop consistent documentation -Perform quality assurance review and submit for certification -A certification for meeting and exceeding the minimum program requirements while developing necessary steps for submittal of certification What is a LEED Scorecard? - Solution -A one-page document that provides information on the pursued LEED rating system Lecture 23 Quality Management - Solution What is construction quality centered around? - Solution -The defined scope, schedule, and budget What are the challenges of quality of construction? - Solution -It has specific characteristics -Includes both the client's needs and the community's expectations -Cost and time of delivery difficulties What is quality management and quality control? - Solution -Quality management: Process to achieve maximum customer satisfaction at the lowest cost while improving the process Quality control: Amending effectiveness with planned objectives and acting to close any gaps in work
What are the project quality plan components? - Solution -Contract quality exhibits: expectations -Quality assurance process: mechanisms to be used by whom -Quality control process: inspection -Quality audit process: qualified personnel performing audit What are the 4 W's of a Quality Plan? - Solution -Who is responsible? -What will the designated technicians do? -When will the QA/QC take place? -Where will the inspections take place? Lecture 24 Project Turnover and Closeout - Solution Define the following project turnover and closeout terms. Substantial Completion Punchlist Commissioning Project Completion Retainage - Solution -Substantial Completion: A designation when a project is sufficiently finished to be occupied by the owner -Punchlist: A list developed at the time of substantial completion that itemizes all remaining work tasks that must be performed before a project reaches final completion -Commissioning: Ensuring all the systems in the constructed building operate and perform as intended -Project Completion: The status of a project when all punch list items have been satisfactorily addressed and the owner officially accepts the project -Retainage: A status percentage of the progress payment request that is withheld by the owner Check out Noahg_18 for the first 24 questions over the lab review portion. Also, review the midterm exam for similar questions regarding the lab - Solution Give an example of a load path through a building. - Solution Bottom to top -Footing
What do different types of joints do? - Solution -Construction Joints: Cold weather (compression) -Control Joints: Warm weather (contraction or expansion) What is a curtain wall? - Solution -Non structural member is a glass wall system that runs along façade of building and covers multiple levels What are the non-structural members in a building exterior? - Solution Sunscreens/Sunshades Mullions What are vestibules and clerestories? - Solution -A vestibule is a small room next to the outer door and connecting it with the interior of the building -A clerestory is a windowed wall of a room that is carried higher than the surrounding roofs to light the interior space. What is a performance specification? - Solution -Criteria that the material must meet or exceed -Does not describe what needs to be done to meet the criteria -Typically a numerical description What is a prescriptive specification? - Solution -Describes HOW the material should be used or constructed -Highlights the process as opposed to the result -Typically a categorical description What is an open specification? - Solution -Specifications do not list any specific brands to use for materials, equipment, etc. -Performance specifications are ALWAYS open -Prescriptive-Open may include "Approved Equal" or "Comparable Product" What is a closed specification? - Solution -Specifications name a specific brand to use for materials, equipment, etc. -Prescriptive specifications can be open or closed
Why is site staging important? - Solution Correct job-site staging is critical for efficiency, productivity, and even safety. What is the purpose of a green roof? - Solution -They provide shade, remove heat from the air, and reduce temperature of the roof surface and surrounding air. What is the difference between a detention basin and a cistern? - Solution -Detention basins are stormwater pollution prevention plan elements that allow for a large amount of inflow to be captured and stored while allowing for a small amount of outflow to be released at any time. -Cisterns are used for storing water for a building's plumbing including flushing toilets, etc. What is LEED? - Solution Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. A third-party green building certification program and the globally recognized standard for the design, construction, and operation of high- performance green buildings and neighborhoods. What is the difference between a grant chart and a Precedence Diagram Method? - Solution Grant charts have horizontal bar graphs to represent a schedule while the PDM constructs a schedule using boxes/nodes to represent activities and connects them with arrows that show the dependencies What is the purpose of a raingarden? - Solution -They promote infiltration of rainwater into the landscape, rather than it running off into a storm drain helps with SWPPP.
