Cell cycle
Interphase
Cell cycle checkpoints
G1 checkpoint
G2 checkpoint
Interphase
Mitotic phase
Mitotic (M-phase)
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
G1 phase Subtopic
S phase DNA replication
G2 phase Preparation for division
G0 phase
No division
Metabolically active
Mitotic checkpoint
(Spindle checkpoint)
Checks for cell size and DNA damage
Ensures DNA replication is complete and
intact
Ensures proper chromosome alignment and
attachment to spindle fibers
G1 phase
Cell growth
Preparation for DNA synthesis
S phase
DNA replication
Chromosome duplication
G2 phase
Growth and preparation for division
Checkpoint for DNA damage
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Prophase
Chromatin condensation
Nuclear envelope breakdown
MetaphaseChromosome align at the Equatorial plane
Anaphase Sister chromatids separate
Telophase
Chromosomes decondense
Nuclear envelope re-forms
Division of cytoplasm
Formation of two daughter cells
Cell plate formation (plants)
Cell furrow formation (animals)
Regulatory proteins
Cyclins Control cell cycle progression
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
Enzymes activated by Cyclins
Phosphorylate target proteins
Regulation of cell division
Growth factorsStimulate cell division
Tumor suppressors Inhibit uncontrolled cell growth
OncogenesPromote cell division when mutated
Cell Cycle
and
Cell Division
