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4.1 | CELL BIOLOGY | QUESTION PAPER 1 1

Score Percentage

%

AQA

GCSE

BIOLOGY

4.1 | Cell Biology QUESTION PAPER 1 Difficulty

Time allowed

HARD

59 minutes

/ 58

............................................................................................................................................... (Total 6 marks)

Q 1. (^) processes by referring to where each takes place and the kind of products that are made.Meiosis and mitosis are different types of division in human cells. Compare the two

Which diagram, A , B , C or D , represents how cell division by meiosis produces

gametes in the testes?

(1)

(ii) How many chromosomes will each goat gamete contain? ............................................................................................................... (1)

(d) Body cells divide by mitosis. (i) Why is the ability of body cells to divide important? ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) When a body cell of a potato plant divides, how many chromosomes will each of the new cells contain? ............................................................................................................... (1) (Total 7 marks)

Species A Species B

Images: © iStock/Thinkstock The drawings show chromosomes from one cell in the root of each plant during cell division. Species A Species B

One chromosome

One chromosome

(a) The drawings show that each chromosome has two strands of genetic material. (i) How does a chromosome become two strands? ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) Explain why each chromosome must become two strands before the cell divides. ............................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................

The photographs show the flowers of two closely-related species of plant.

(b) For sexual reproduction, the plants produce gametes. (i) Name the type of cell division that produces gametes...................................................... (1)

(ii) How many chromosomes would there be in a gamete from each of these two plant species? Species A Species B (1)

(iii) It is possible for gametes from Species A to combine with gametes from Species How many chromosomes would there be in each cell of one of the offspring B to produce healthy offspring plants.

plants? (1)

(c) (i) (^) from part (b).Look back at the information at the start of the question and the information

What evidence from these two pieces of information supports the belief that Species A and Species B evolved from a common ancestor? ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (2)

CADASIL leads to weakening of blood vessels in the brain. The diagram shows the inheritance of CADASIL in one family.

(a) CADASIL is caused by a dominant allele. (i) What is a dominant allele? ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (1)

(ii) What is the evidence in the diagram that CADASIL is caused by a dominant allele? ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (1)

(iii) Person 7 has CADASIL. Is person 7 homozygous or heterozygous for the CADASIL allele? Give evidence for your answer from the diagram. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (1)

CADASIL is an inherited disorder caused by a dominant allele.

(b) Persons 7 and 8 are planning to have another baby. Use a genetic diagram to find the probability that the new baby will develop into aperson with CADASIL. Use the following symbols to represent alleles. D = allele for CADASIL d = allele for not having CADASIL

Probability = ........................................................................ (4)

(c) Scientists are trying to develop a treatment for CADASIL using stem cells. Specially treated stem cells would be injected into the damaged part of the brain. (i) Why do the scientists use stem cells? ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (2)

(ii) Embryonic stem cells can be obtained by removing a few cells from a human embryo. In 2006, scientists in Japan discovered how to change adult skin cellsinto stem cells. Suggest one advantage of using stem cells from adult skin cells. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (1) (Total 10 marks)

(1)

(b) Describe what is happening in photograph A. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. (2)

(c) A student wanted to find out more about the cell cycle. The student made a slide of an onion root tip. She counted the number of cells in each stage of the cell cycle in one field of view. The table below shows the results. Stages in the cell cycle Non-dividing cells Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Total Number of cell s^20 9 4 2 1

Each stage of the cell cycle takes a different amount of time. Which stage is the fastest in the cell cycle? Give a reason for your answer. Stage .......................................... Reason ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. (2)

(d) The cell cycle in an onion root tip cell takes 16 hours.

Calculate the length of time Stage 2 lasts in a typical cell. Give your answer to 2 significant figures. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. Time in Stage 2 = .................................................. minutes (3)

(e) Bacteria such as Escherichia coli undergo cell division similar to mitosis. Figure 2 shows a growth curve for E. coli grown in a nutrient broth. Figure 2

What type of cell division causes the change in number of E. coli cells at P? .............................................................................................................................

(a) Name the two types of cell division, A and B , shown in the diagram. Type A ........................................................................................................................ Type B ........................................................................................................................ (2)

(b) Name the process in which an egg and sperm join together. ............................................................................................................................. ........ (1)

(c) Cell 1 contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will there be in:

The diagram shows two patterns of cell division. Cell division type A is used in gamete formation. Cell division type B is used in normal growth.

(i) cell 10 ; .............................................................................................................. (1)

(ii) cell 14? ............................................................................................................. (1) (Total 5 marks)

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