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Biomolecules and Cell Structure, Exams of Cellular and Molecular Biology

A.T. Still University of Health Sciences (ATSU)Cellular and Molecular Biology

An overview of biomolecules, their functions, and the structure of cells. It covers the four main types of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The roles of these biomolecules in providing energy, structure, and genetic information. It also discusses the functions of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies, and the differences between polar and nonpolar molecules. The document concludes with a discussion of cell membranes, organelles, and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 06/04/2024

DrShirleyAurora
DrShirleyAurora 🇺🇸

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Cell Structure and Function & Biomolecules
biomolecule -
organic compound found in all living organisms
monomer -
single unit of a biomolecule
polymer -
molecule consisting of many subunits
examples are: meat, eggs, dairy -
protein
examples are: butter, oil, waxes -
lipids
functions = provide a source of quick energy and structure in some living things -
function of carbohydrates
functions = used for long term energy storage, make up cell membranes, insulation -
function of lipids
functions = structure of cells, make up muscle, hormones, antibodies -
function of proteins
functions = hold the genetic code (DNA) that codes for proteins -
function of nucleic acids
amino acid -
building block of proteins
C,H,O -
elements in carbohydrates and lipids
Enzyme -
Protein with a special shape, binds to a substrate to regulate/control a chemical reaction
Active site -
Place on an enzyme where the substrate binds
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen -
4 most common elements in living things
atom -
smallest unit of matter
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Cell Structure and Function & Biomolecules

biomolecule - organic compound found in all living organisms monomer - single unit of a biomolecule polymer - molecule consisting of many subunits examples are: meat, eggs, dairy - protein examples are: butter, oil, waxes - lipids functions = provide a source of quick energy and structure in some living things - function of carbohydrates functions = used for long term energy storage, make up cell membranes, insulation - function of lipids functions = structure of cells, make up muscle, hormones, antibodies - function of proteins functions = hold the genetic code (DNA) that codes for proteins - function of nucleic acids amino acid - building block of proteins C,H,O - elements in carbohydrates and lipids Enzyme - Protein with a special shape, binds to a substrate to regulate/control a chemical reaction Active site - Place on an enzyme where the substrate binds carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen - 4 most common elements in living things atom - smallest unit of matter

carbohydrates, lipds, proteins, and nucleic acids - the 4 types of biomolecules antibodies - proteins produced by the body which help fight against foreign invaders such as viruses hormones - proteins such as melatonin and adrenaline which send messages through the body enzymes; protein - all _____ are specialized types of _____ polar - molecules that share electrons UNEQUALLY and are able to mix with water (ex: sugar) nonpolar - molecules that share electrons EQUALLY and are unable to mix with water (ex: oil) regulation - control growth - to make bigger or more chemical reaction - process where 1 or more substances (reactants) are changed into 1 or more new substances (product) small and uncharged - the type of molecule that can EASILY pass straight through the cell membrane (lipid bilayer) channel protein - structure in the cell membrane that allows substances through that can't pass through easily on their own (large charged structures) amylase - enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch (like in crackers) protein - biomolecule that helps repair and build muscle cell theory - states that 1: all organisms are made of cells, 2: all cells are produced by other living cells, and 3: the cell is the most basic unit of life. cytoplasm - term for the gel-like fluid and structures within the cell membrane.

phospholipid - molecule that forms a double-layered cell membrane; made of a phosphate group and two fatty acids. selective permeability - condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane. Describes the cell membrane. total permeability - condition or quality of allowing all materials to cross a barrier. Describes the cell wall. Large Central Vacuole - large storage structure found only in plants that stores water and nutrients