Cell Structure and Functions – Biology Notes
Introduction
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. All living organisms are made up of cells. Cells
carry out all the important processes necessary for life such as respiration, growth, and reproduction.
Types of Cells
There are two main types of cells:
- Prokaryotic cells
- Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic Cells
These are simple cells that do not have a true nucleus.
Example: Bacteria
Characteristics of prokaryotic cells:
- No membrane-bound nucleus
- Genetic material is free in the cytoplasm
- Lack membrane-bound organelles
- Usually very small in size
Eukaryotic Cells
These are complex cells with a true nucleus.
Examples: Plant cells and animal cells
Characteristics of eukaryotic cells:
- Have a membrane-bound nucleus
- Contain membrane-bound organelles
- Larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells
