Cellular Components and Structures, Exams of Microbiology

Download Cellular Components and Structures and more Exams Microbiology in PDF only on Docsity!

BRCC-Microbiology 2104 - Dr. Miller Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+ Denning [Date] [Course title]

The term used to describe a disease-causing microorganism is - Answer: pathogen. Normal microbiota - Answer: both indefinitely colonize the body and take up residence in sites such as the colon and mouth. Which of the following are FALSE concerning microbes?

1. Microbes produce vitamins in the intestines.
2. Microbes generate oxygen through photosynthesis.
3. The primary role of microbes on the planet involves causing disease in animals and humans.
4. Microbes play a role in breaking down waste and decomposing dead organisms. - Answer: 3) The primary role of microbes on the planet involves causing disease in animals and humans. Which of the following are TRUE concerning microbes?
5. Microbes produce vitamins in the intestines.
6. Microbes generate oxygen through photosynthesis.
7. The primary role of microbes on the planet involves causing disease in animals and humans.
8. Microbes play a role in breaking down waste and decomposing dead organisms. - Answer: 1) Microbes produce vitamins in the intestines.
9. Microbes generate oxygen through photosynthesis.
10. Microbes play a role in breaking down waste and decomposing dead organisms. All microorganisms that regularly populate the human body are referred to as the ___________________. - Answer: human microbiome Microbes are associated with life-sustaining benefits as well as life-threatening diseases? - Answer: TRUE In the name Staphylococcus aureus, aureus is the - Answer: species A prokaryotic cell may possess each of the following cellular components EXCEPT
11. a cell membrane.

A. are typically associated with disease. B. are typically associated with disease. cannot reproduce by themselves. are ubiquitous in nature. are structurally very simple. can only be visualized using an electron microscope. C. are ubiquitous in nature. D. are structurally very simple. E. can only be visualized using an electron microscope. - Answer: cannot reproduce by themselves. Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system? A. eukarya B. archaea C. bacteria D. animalia - Answer: animalia A system of classification grouping organisms into 3 domains based on the cellular organization of organisms was devised by A. Carl Woese. B. Robert Koch. C. Anton van Leewenhoek. D. Carolus Linnaeus. E. Louis Pasteur. - Answer: Carl Woese Which of the following is not a correct statement about ionic bonding? A. Valence electrons are either gained or lost. B. Ionic bonds produce compounds. C. Electrons are shared between the two atoms. D. Ions are formed first, and then their opposite electric charges

draw the atoms close, forming the bond. - Answer: Electrons are shared between the two atoms. Which of the following formulas represents a carbohydrate? A. C55H98O B. C10H16N5O13P C. C3H7NO D. C8H16O8 - Answer: C8H16O What type of carbohydrate is pictured? A. complex carbohydrate B. monosaccharide C. polysaccharide D. disaccharide - Answer: monosaccharide Which type of subatomic particle is not included in an atom's mass number? A. neutrons B. All are included. C. electrons D. protons - Answer: electrons Which type of subatomic particle or bits around the nucleus? A. electrons B. neutrons C. protons D. None—all of them are in the nucleus - Answer: electrons characterizes a hydrogen bond? - Answer: It is a weak and temporary electrical attraction between two polar molecules.

molecules based is non-polar. A. H-N B. O-H C. O=O D. C-H E. H-H - Answer: O=O, C-H & H-H A covalent bond results from __________. - Answer: sharing of electrons between two atoms In a water molecule, the oxygen atom contains __________ charge, and the hydrogen exhibits __________ charge. A. a partially negative; a partially positive B. a partially positive; a partially negative C. a partially positive; a partially positive D. a partially negative; no - Answer: a partially negative; a partially positive Which type of molecule contains -NH2 (amino) groups? - Answer: protein following is the type of bond holding K+ and I- ions in KI? A. hydrogen bond B. ionic bond C. covalent bond - Answer: ~ionic bond following is the type of bond between molecules of water in a beaker of water? A. hydrogen bond B. ionic bond C. covalent bond - Answer: ~hydrogen bond the type of bond holding hydrogen and oxygen atoms together in a single H2O molecule?

A. hydrogen bond B. ionic bond C. covalent bond - Answer: covalent bond the type of strong chemical bond between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a single organic molecule? A. hydrogen bond B. ionic bond C. covalent bond - Answer: ~covalent bond type of bond between ions in salt? A. hydrogen bond B. ionic bond C. covalent bond - Answer: ~ionic bond Which of the following is a base? A. C2H5OH B. H2CO C. NaOH → Na+ + OH- D. H2O → H+ + OH- E. C2H5OCOOH → H+ + C2H5OCOO- - Answer: NaOH → Na+ + OH- Gastric juices have a pH of 1 or 2. This would indicate? - Answer: numerous H+ ions and a low pH the following describes inorganic molecules. A. molecules including nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates B. molecules mainly held together by covalent bonds C. large and typically complex molecules with carbon and hydrogen bonds

the following is not associated with all cell types - Answer: nucleus the following represents the site of most of the important chemical reactions within a prokaryotic cell - Answer: cytoplasm Which structure does tetracycline bind to in a bacterial cell - Answer: ribosome Ribosomes - Answer: Makes proteins Which structure is responsible for the transfer of genetic information between two cells in bacterial - Answer: conjugation pili the main function of the structure highlighted the flagella - Answer: bacterial motility Removal of which structure would make the bacterial cell susceptible to bursting due to the influx of water - Answer: cell wall the following represents the digestion center of the cell responsible for breakdown macromolecules and worn-out organelles - Answer: lysosome A patient enters your office complaining of excessive stiffness and cramps after vigorous exercise. Tests reveal the patient has Brody disease, a muscle disorder characterized by impairment of skeletal muscle relaxation due to the inability of the muscle cells to regulate calcium levels in the cytoplasm. Which organelle is most likely affected in this patient? - Answer: smooth ER Smooth ER - Answer: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes. The __________ produces plasma-membrane-associated proteins, which are then sent to the __________ for sorting and processing. - Answer: rough ER; Golgi complex Rough ER - Answer: A network of interconnected membranous sacs in a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm; covered with ribosomes that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins.

Golgi complex - Answer: a cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell the following statements is INCORRECT regarding prokaryotic cells? A. They reproduce by binary fission. B. They typically have a circular chromosome. C. They lack membrane-enclosed organelles. D. They lack a plasma membrane. E. Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane. - Answer: They lack a plasma membrane. In bacterial ribosomes, a small 30S subunit and a large 50S subunit come together to produce the functional 70S ribosome. Why isn't it an 80S ribosome? - Answer: S stands for Svedberg units, which indicates the relative rate of sedimentation due to size, weight, and shape of a particle. The numbers aren't strictly additive 30s - Answer: small subunit 50s - Answer: large subunit 70s - Answer: the size of prokaryotic ribosomes. 30S + 50S - Answer: 70S ribosome 70s ribosomes - Answer: prokaryotes 80S ribosomes - Answer: Eukaryotes How is the genetic information of bacterial cells organized differently from that of eukaryotic cells - Answer: Bacterial DNA floats free within the cytoplasm and is not enclosed within a nuclear envelope, whereas eukaryotic DNA is enclosed in a membrane-bound structure known as the nucleus

the following facts does NOT provide evidence for the endosymbiotic theory? - Answer: Prokaryotes contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls. endosymbiotic theory - Answer: theory that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis among several different prokaryotic organisms You are observing a Gram stain of spherical-shaped microorganisms that are linked in a chain and stain purple. How would you describe these bacteria using the correct terminology for the cell shape and arrangement - Answer: gram-positive streptococci gram positive - Answer: Describing the group of bacteria that have a cell wall that is structurally less complex and contains more peptidoglycan than the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria are usually less toxic than gram-negative bacteria. gram negative - Answer: Describing the group of bacteria that have a cell wall that is structurally more complex and contains less peptidoglycan than the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria are often more toxic than gram-positive bacteria. gram-negative - Answer: pink/red gram-positive - Answer: purple Where are phospholipids most likely found in a prokaryotic cell - Answer: the plasma membrane the plasma membrane has - Answer: phospholipids plasma membrane - Answer: A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells Where are phospholipids most likely found in a eukaryotic cell - Answer: the plasma membrane and organelles

Organelles are - Answer: like tiny organs within cells. The DNA found in most bacterial cells - Answer: is circular in structure. circular - Answer: having the shape of a circle the following statements is TRUE A. A cell produces one endospore and keeps growing. B. Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes by producing a dormant period with no growth. C. Endospores are easily stained in a Gram stain. D. Endospores are for reproduction. E. A cell can produce many endospores. - Answer: Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes by producing a dormant period with no growth. Where is the genetic information of the cell stored - Answer: nucleus The structural framework in a cell is the - Answer: cytoskeleton. Where in a cell is ATP made - Answer: mitochondria What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm - Answer: mRNA mRNA (messenger RNA) - Answer: a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein mRNA - Answer: messenger RNA One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by - Answer: ribosomes