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Cellular Replication and Reproduction Processes, Exams of Biology

West Virginia University (WVU)Biology

An overview of the key cellular replication and reproduction processes, including mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission. It covers the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, the stages of mitosis and meiosis, the outcomes of these processes, and the role of organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. The document also explores the concept of genetic variation and adaptation, and how the replication processes impact a species' survival. With a focus on answering questions and testing the reader's understanding, this document could be a valuable resource for students studying biology, cell biology, or genetics at the university level.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 09/26/2024

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Bio Beyond - Cellular Replication with
Complete Solutions
After mitosis, one final process remains, called cytokinesis. What happens in
cytokinesis? Select all that apply. - ANSWER-The cell has divided
The cytoplasm has been sealed between the two new cells
And produces: - ANSWER-Two genetically identical cells
And produces: - ANSWER-Two genetically identical cells
binary fission - ANSWER-Prokaryotes
2
Identical
Normal
Binary fission is used by: - ANSWER-Prokaryotes
Can you remember them? - ANSWER-Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Eukaryotes (plants, animals, and fungi) reproduce differently than prokaryotes on a
cellular level. Which of the following do you think contributes most to this different
process? - ANSWER-Eukaryotes generally have larger genomes
Genome size of cells: - ANSWER-half
Genome size of cells: - ANSWER-identical
How do they replicate? - ANSWER-Binary Fission
How much genetic information is in each cell at the end of mitosis? - ANSWER-Normal
In order for each parent to contribute half of the genome of the child, what has to
happen? - ANSWER-Each parent needs to produce a cell with half of the information of
their own genome
Meiosis - ANSWER-Eukaryotes
4
Different
Half
pf3
pf4

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Bio Beyond - Cellular Replication with

Complete Solutions

After mitosis, one final process remains, called cytokinesis. What happens in cytokinesis? Select all that apply. - ANSWER-The cell has divided The cytoplasm has been sealed between the two new cells And produces: - ANSWER-Two genetically identical cells And produces: - ANSWER-Two genetically identical cells binary fission - ANSWER-Prokaryotes 2 Identical Normal Binary fission is used by: - ANSWER-Prokaryotes Can you remember them? - ANSWER-Chloroplast Mitochondria Eukaryotes (plants, animals, and fungi) reproduce differently than prokaryotes on a cellular level. Which of the following do you think contributes most to this different process? - ANSWER-Eukaryotes generally have larger genomes Genome size of cells: - ANSWER-half Genome size of cells: - ANSWER-identical How do they replicate? - ANSWER-Binary Fission How much genetic information is in each cell at the end of mitosis? - ANSWER-Normal In order for each parent to contribute half of the genome of the child, what has to happen? - ANSWER-Each parent needs to produce a cell with half of the information of their own genome Meiosis - ANSWER-Eukaryotes 4 Different Half

Meiosis II has steps similar to meiosis I and mitosis, but a different outcome. See if you can put the diagrams of each step in order below. - ANSWER- Mitosis - ANSWER-Eukaryotes 2 Identical Normal Mitosis is used by: - ANSWER-Eukaryotes Normally, the cell is in a state called interphase, which has three stages - G1, S, and G2, shown to the right. In interphase, the cell is performing its normal functions, but toward the end some changes begin happening. What do you see happening in the images to the right? - ANSWER-The genetic material is being copied Prokaryotes, being smaller and less complex than eukaryotes, replicate using a simple process called binary fission. Listed below are a few steps which must happen during the process and a few that don't. See if you can identify which steps should occur in binary fission below: - ANSWER- DNA is copied in place Cell wall and membrane pinch closed DNA migrates to either side of cell Two genetically identical cells are present REPLICATION Interphase (G1/S/G2) - Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase - Cytokinesis The first stage of mitosis is called prophase. The images to the right show a cell both before and after prophase. What appears different? - ANSWER-The genetic material has condensed Shown at right is a diagram of a cell in the second phase of mitosis, metaphase. What has happened in metaphase? Select all that apply: - ANSWER-Chromosomes are lining up in the middle of the cell The chromosomes have connected to something on either end of the cell The nucleus has dissolved Shown at right is a diagram of a eukaryotic cell with a mitochondrion (singular for mitochondria). Which of these traits of prokaryotes do you also see in the diagram of the mitochondria? Select all that apply: - ANSWER-no nue no org

Meiosis doesn't split chromatids What do you recall is the outcome of meiosis I, which is different to the outcome of mitosis? - ANSWER-Two genetically different cells What does the makeup of your genome mean about your genes? - ANSWER-You have one copy each from both your father and mother What is present on either end of the cell at the end of anaphase? - ANSWER-One complete set of genetic information What is the scientific theory that describes why they replicate separately? - ANSWER- Endosymbiosis You learned about symbiotic relationships during your exploration of the Galapagos. Which of the following is a good description of a mutualistic relationship? - ANSWER- Both organisms benefit You might think of how parents look like their children. Their shared characterisitecs are coded in the DNA passed down by the parent. This DNA is in all cells, which copies itself as one cells divides into two. Do you think this process is the same for all cells? - ANSWER-No, because prokaryotic cells would need more complex processes due to the cell wall You now know the steps of binary fission in prokaryotes. See if you can order the images from the first to last step starting on the left. - ANSWER-