Certainties and Uncertainties, Study notes of Nuclear Physics

associate professor in the Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological. Engineering Department (NPRE) at the University of Illinois at. Urbana-Champaign (UIUC).

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U.S. Department of Energy
NEUP
nuclear energy
university program
In the seven years since he earned his doctorate in nuclear
engineering at Purdue University, Caleb Brooks has immersed
himself in the challenges and uncertainties associated with
advancing nuclear reactor technology.
“I’m certainly interested in improving the computational tools
to better predict what’s happening in a reactor,” said Brooks,
a former Integrated University Program (IUP) Fellow, now an
associate professor in the Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological
Engineering Department (NPRE) at the University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign (UIUC).
There are other things, however, of which he is strongly
certain. One is that it is a good time to be a nuclear engineer
—although there is not nearly enough time to push things
forward as fast as they need to be moving. Second, he believes
microreactors are going to revolutionize the industry, not just
in remote locations but on college campuses and, eventually, at
factories and data centers everywhere.
Certainties and Uncertainties: Former IUP Fellow Finds Himself
Immersed In Microreactor Work, Applications
by Paul Menser for DOE’s Nuclear Energy University Program
A participant in the IUP in 2010, Brooks came to UIUC in 2014
with a background in thermal hydraulics and reactor safety.
Today, he finds himself in the middle of a project to build a
gas-cooled Tri-structural ISOtropic particle fuel (TRISO-fuel)
modular microreactor and integrate it with the university’s
other energy systems.
UIUC received an $800,000 Research and Development grant
through the Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP) in 2020
to improve the modeling of hybrid energy systems. The project
team, led by Brooks, has leveraged the well-characterized and
diverse energy portfolio of the UIUC campus to analyze the
market case for microreactors in existing, energy intensive
microgrids. This work aligns well with UIUC’s preparation to be
an early site for microreactor technology. Since 2018, Brooks
has led an effort at UIUC to deploy a microreactor as a next
generation research and test reactor. Teaming with Seattle’s
Ultra Safe Nuclear Corporation, they have developed a proposal
for a 15-megawatt reactor at the university that will serve as
Associate Professor Caleb Brooks of the Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign and his research group specialize in thermo-fluid dynamics of nuclear systems and reactor flows, as well as hybrid energy
approaches for existing and future power systems.
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U.S. Department of Energy

NEUP

n u c l e a r e n e r g y u n i v e r s i t y p r o g r a m In the seven years since he earned his doctorate in nuclear engineering at Purdue University, Caleb Brooks has immersed himself in the challenges and uncertainties associated with advancing nuclear reactor technology. “I’m certainly interested in improving the computational tools to better predict what’s happening in a reactor,” said Brooks, a former Integrated University Program (IUP) Fellow, now an associate professor in the Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering Department (NPRE) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). There are other things, however, of which he is strongly certain. One is that it is a good time to be a nuclear engineer —although there is not nearly enough time to push things forward as fast as they need to be moving. Second, he believes microreactors are going to revolutionize the industry, not just in remote locations but on college campuses and, eventually, at factories and data centers everywhere.

Certainties and Uncertainties: Former IUP Fellow Finds Himself

Immersed In Microreactor Work, Applications

by Paul Menser for DOE’s Nuclear Energy University Program A participant in the IUP in 2010, Brooks came to UIUC in 2014 with a background in thermal hydraulics and reactor safety. Today, he finds himself in the middle of a project to build a gas-cooled Tri-structural ISOtropic particle fuel (TRISO-fuel) modular microreactor and integrate it with the university’s other energy systems. UIUC received an $800,000 Research and Development grant through the Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP) in 2020 to improve the modeling of hybrid energy systems. The project team, led by Brooks, has leveraged the well-characterized and diverse energy portfolio of the UIUC campus to analyze the market case for microreactors in existing, energy intensive microgrids. This work aligns well with UIUC’s preparation to be an early site for microreactor technology. Since 2018, Brooks has led an effort at UIUC to deploy a microreactor as a next generation research and test reactor. Teaming with Seattle’s Ultra Safe Nuclear Corporation, they have developed a proposal for a 15-megawatt reactor at the university that will serve as Associate Professor Caleb Brooks of the Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign and his research group specialize in thermo-fluid dynamics of nuclear systems and reactor flows, as well as hybrid energy approaches for existing and future power systems.

Rendering of the proposed microreactor deployment at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. a training, research, and test facility. It will be the first new university reactor in the United States in nearly 30 years, and also the first Gen IV reactor deployed at a university. “It makes a lot of sense for early adaptation; at our campus, we’ve seen every bit of the process,” Brooks said. UIUC had a test reactor for 38 years, the Advanced Teaching Research Isotope General Atomic (TRIGA) reactor, from 1960 to 1998. That reactor was used primarily for the training of students in nuclear engineering. “The next generation of nuclear engineers will need a next generation research reactor for the emerging advanced reactor industry to realize its full potential,” Brooks said. Having the Ultra Safe reactor designated as a test reactor, as opposed to a purely commercial deployment, offers a faster and cheaper track to approval and startup. “This is an opportunity for the public to come and see that this is not your grandparent’s nuclear power,” he said. “We can really get down to demonstrating to the public a new class of ultra-safe nuclear technology.” While the TRIGA reactor was an interdisciplinary facility, with other departments using it for chemistry, nuclear medicine, biophysics, and engineering research, the new microreactor’s focus will be on how it functions as a carbon-free component of an integrated energy system that also includes wind, solar, and geothermal. For baseload power, the university has relied on a coal/natural gas plant. The reactor should contribute significantly to the school, meeting its carbon reduction goals and providing a testing ground for advancements in reactor operation and control. “For workforce development, we want to demonstrate the possibilities of a microreactor combined with renewable 2 In his research group, Dr. Brooks is advancing the maturity of computational tools for advanced reactor analysis through modeling and validation. In the Multiphase Thermo-fluid Dynamics Laboratory (MTDL), Dr. Brooks and his group perform experiments to further the understanding of existing and advanced reactor technologies. sources, reutilizing the existing fossil fuel infrastructure,” Brooks said. “DOE has some really big goals for advanced nuclear. It’s a great time to be a nuclear engineer, but the workforce needs to be beefed up for wide adoption.” The microreactor project is one of three NEUP projects Brooks is involved in. In 2016, he led a project aimed at generating a large database for forced convective and natural circulation reactor flows. In 2021, he became involved in a project out of Kansas State University exploring the technical and economic feasibility of microreactors integrated with chemical processes for agricultural applications—hydrogen to be used in combines and other farm equipment, and ammonia production for use as fertilizer. “The technology is well positioned technically to decarbonize many energy-intensive sectors,” he said. “I’m interested in how it can be done economically.” Brooks credits the fellowship support he received from IUP with the research opportunities he has been allowed to pursue. “It gave me the freedom to work on a lot of things. It allowed me