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Question 1. Which legal document allows a competent adult to specify their preferences for medical treatment if they become unable to communicate? A) Living Will B) Power of Attorney C) Advance Directive D) Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Order Answer: C Explanation: An Advance Directive is a legal document that expresses a person's healthcare preferences in case they become unable to communicate, ensuring their wishes are respected. Question 2. In advocating for a client's right to refuse treatment, a nurse should: A) Coerce the client into accepting treatment B) Respect the client's decision after ensuring informed consent C) Ignore the client's wishes if the treatment is beneficial D) Make the decision for the client without their input Answer: B
Explanation: Respecting client autonomy involves ensuring they understand their options and then honoring their decision, even if it declines treatment. Question 3. Which aspect of case management involves coordinating services across different healthcare providers to ensure seamless care? A) Delegation B) Advocacy C) Care Planning D) Continuity of Care Answer: D Explanation: Continuity of care ensures that patient care is coordinated across various providers and settings, promoting seamless transitions and consistent treatment. Question 4. A nurse is documenting a client's health information. Which principle is being upheld when ensuring this data remains confidential and secure? A) Informed Consent B) Confidentiality/Information Security C) Advocacy
C) Justice D) Nonmaleficence Answer: B Explanation: Beneficence involves acting in the best interest of the patient to promote well-being and prevent harm. Question 7. In obtaining informed consent, the nurse's role includes: A) Explaining all possible risks and benefits of the procedure B) Making the decision for the patient if they are unable to decide C) Ensuring the patient understands and voluntarily agrees to treatment D) Signing the consent form on behalf of the patient Answer: C Explanation: The nurse ensures that the patient understands the information and that their consent is voluntary, respecting their autonomy. Question 8. Which legislation aims to reform healthcare by expanding coverage and protecting patient rights? A) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) B) Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)
C) Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) D) Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) Answer: B Explanation: The PPACA aims to increase healthcare access, improve quality, and reduce costs, emphasizing patient protections and coverage expansion. Question 9. To promote a safe environment, nurses should routinely: A) Ignore equipment malfunctions B) Report incidents and irregularities promptly C) Assume all staff are following protocols correctly D) Avoid documenting accidents to prevent liability Answer: B Explanation: Reporting incidents allows for investigation and corrective action, reducing future risks and maintaining safety standards. Question 10. Which infection control practice involves wearing gloves, gown, and mask when caring for a patient with tuberculosis? A) Standard Precautions B) Contact Precautions
C) Improved hearing acuity D) Increased muscle mass Answer: B Explanation: Aging often results in decreased skin elasticity, leading to wrinkles and sagging. Question 13. During postpartum care, the nurse observes lochia rubra. What does this indicate? A) Normal bleeding that is red in color B) Infection in the uterus C) Excessive bleeding requiring intervention D) Discontinuation of bleeding Answer: A Explanation: Lochia rubra is normal postpartum bleeding that is bright red, indicating fresh blood. Question 14. Which developmental stage is characterized by the ability to think abstractly and reason logically? A) Concrete operational stage B) Formal operational stage
C) Sensorimotor stage D) Preoperational stage Answer: B Explanation: The formal operational stage (adolescence and beyond) involves abstract thinking and logical reasoning. Question 15. Which method of contraception involves a barrier that physically prevents sperm from reaching the egg? A) Oral contraceptives B) Intrauterine device (IUD) C) Condoms D) Fertility awareness methods Answer: C Explanation: Condoms act as a physical barrier to prevent sperm from entering the reproductive tract. Question 16. A nurse educates a client on the importance of regular mammograms. What is the primary purpose of this screening? A) Detecting early signs of breast cancer B) Preventing breast cancer from developing
C) Using antibacterial soap only D) Avoiding contact with all patients Answer: A Explanation: Proper hand hygiene is the single most effective measure to prevent infection transmission. Question 19. Which of the following is a non-pharmacological comfort measure for pain management? A) Opioid administration B) Guided imagery C) NSAID use D) Local anesthesia Answer: B Explanation: Guided imagery is a non-pharmacological technique that helps reduce pain perception through mental distraction. Question 20. A client with a central venous access device reports pain and redness at the insertion site. The nurse's priority action is to: A) Flush the line with saline B) Remove the device immediately
C) Assess for signs of infection and notify the provider D) Continue monitoring without intervention Answer: C Explanation: Redness and pain may indicate infection or complication; assessment and notification are critical for prompt management. Question 21. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition)? A) To provide hydration only B) To deliver nutrients intravenously when the GI tract is non-functional C) To replace oral intake temporarily D) To administer medication directly into the bloodstream Answer: B Explanation: TPN provides complete nutrition intravenously when the gastrointestinal tract cannot be used effectively. Question 22. In recognizing abnormal vital signs, a nurse should be most concerned if the client's temperature is: A) 98.6°F (37°C) B) 101°F (38.3°C)
Answer: B Explanation: Preoperative assessment aims to identify risk factors and optimize patient condition before surgery. Question 25. Which of the following best describes the role of a nurse during a disaster response? A) To provide direct medical treatment only B) To coordinate resources and assist in triage C) To focus solely on administrative tasks D) To evacuate all clients immediately Answer: B Explanation: Nurses play a key role in triage, resource coordination, and providing emergency care during disasters. Question 26. Which safety device is used to limit movement and prevent injury in a client who is at risk of falls? A) Restraints B) Hand mitts C) Side rails D) Bed alarms
Answer: D Explanation: Bed alarms alert staff if a client at risk of falling attempts to get up, enhancing safety. Question 27. When applying a restraint, the nurse must: A) Tie the restraint tightly to prevent movement B) Remove the restraint every 2 hours for assessment C) Use the most restrictive restraint possible D) Leave the restraint in place overnight without assessment Answer: B Explanation: Restraints should be assessed regularly, and the client should be released periodically to ensure safety and skin integrity. Question 28. Which of the following is a key component of disaster preparedness? A) Stockpiling medications only B) Developing an emergency plan and conducting drills C) Ignoring communication protocols D) Relying solely on government agencies for response Answer: B
Explanation: Folic acid is essential for neural tube development and prevents birth defects. Question 31. Which technique is most appropriate for assessing a client’s respiratory status? A) Palpation of the chest B) Auscultation of lung sounds C) Inspection of the abdomen D) Percussion of the back Answer: B Explanation: Auscultation allows the nurse to listen for abnormal lung sounds, assessing respiratory function. Question 32. A client with a history of substance use disorder is being treated for withdrawal. Which intervention is most appropriate? A) Administering high doses of sedatives without monitoring B) Providing supportive care and monitoring for withdrawal symptoms C) Ignoring behavioral cues and focusing only on medication D) Discharging the client early to avoid withdrawal symptoms Answer: B
Explanation: Supportive care, monitoring, and appropriate medication management are essential in withdrawal treatment. Question 33. Which is an example of a healthy coping mechanism? A) Substance abuse to escape stress B) Seeking social support during difficult times C) Suppressing feelings entirely D) Ignoring problems until they worsen Answer: B Explanation: Seeking social support is a constructive way to manage stress and emotional challenges. Question 34. When providing end-of-life care, the nurse should prioritize: A) Aggressive treatment to prolong life at all costs B) Palliative approaches focusing on comfort and dignity C) Avoiding communication with the family D) Discontinuing all medications and interventions Answer: B
Explanation: Behavioral therapy focuses on changing harmful behaviors through specific techniques and interventions. Question 37. A client reports feeling overwhelmed and anxious. The nurse should first: A) Prescribe medication immediately B) Assess the client's coping strategies and support systems C) Ignore the symptoms and focus on physical health D) Refer the client to a psychiatrist without assessment Answer: B Explanation: Initial assessment helps identify coping mechanisms and the need for appropriate interventions. Question 38. Which of the following is a sign of attachment disorder in a child? A) Consistent emotional bonding with caregivers B) Indifference or fearfulness toward caregivers C) Developmental milestones achieved on time D) Healthy social interactions with peers Answer: B
Explanation: Indifference or fearfulness toward caregivers may indicate attachment issues requiring intervention. Question 39. End-of-life spiritual care includes: A) Ignoring spiritual beliefs B) Respecting and supporting the client's spiritual needs C) Forcing specific religious practices D) Avoiding spiritual discussions altogether Answer: B Explanation: Respecting spiritual needs provides comfort and support to clients during end-of-life care. Question 40. A client exhibits difficulty sleeping, reporting frequent nightmares. The nurse should: A) Recommend sleeping pills without assessment B) Encourage relaxation techniques and assess for underlying causes C) Ignore the complaint as normal D) Discontinue all activities that promote relaxation Answer: B
