Chapter 5
Highway Safety
Dr. Yahya Sarraj
Faculty of Engineering
The Islamic University of Gaza
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Ch 05 highway safety, Lecture notes of Transportation Engineering
Introduction Lectures on Highway safety with a focus on road safety in Palestine
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2014/2015
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Chapter 5
Highway Safety
Dr. Yahya Sarraj
Faculty of Engineering
The Islamic University of Gaza
Introduction
As the number of motor vehicles and
vehicle-miles of travel increases
throughout the world,
the exposure of the population to
traffic crashes also increases.
Introduction
The fatality rates dropped from:
about 1.73 fatalities per 100 million
VMT in 1995 to
about 1.53 in 2000 and
to 1.45 in 2005.
This represents a drop of about 11%
in fatality rate between 1995 and
2000, but only a drop of about 5%
between 2000 and 2005.
Introduction
(^) Highway safety is a worldwide problem; with: (^) About one billion cars and trucks in use, (^) Approximately 1.24 million deaths occurred on the world’s roads in 2010 (^) Between 20 to 50 million more are injured.
Source: World Health Organization
Introduction
(^) Traffic and highway engineers are continually engaged in working to ensure that: (^) the street and highway system is designed and operated such that highway crash rates can be reduced.
Road Accidents in Palestine 2005- السنة مجموع حوادث الطرق عدد المصابين إصابات بسيطة إصابات متوسطة إصابات خطيرة إصابة قاتلة المجموع 2005 قطاع غزة 1939 1161 1062 80 76 2379 الضفة الغربية 3689 3190 796 219 95 4300 المجموع 5628 4351 1858 299 159 6667 2006 قطاع غزة 1329 708 833 62 64 1667 الضفة الغربية 2180 3242 750 243 115 4350 المجموع 3509 3950 1583 305 188 6026 2007 قطاع غزة 842 355 377 48 73 853 الضفة الغربية 2934 3245 778 184 89 4296 المجموع 3776 3600 1155 232 150 5137 2008 قطاع غزة 755 292 318 68 71 749 الضفة الغربية 3675 3482 631 192 98 4403 المجموع 4430 3774 949 260 169 5152 2009 قطاع غزة 2277 153 411 88 113 756 الضفة الغربية 4671 4769 819 146 125 5859 المجموع 6948 4922 1230 234 238 6615 2010 قطاع غزة 5266 1231 785 152 124 2292 الضفة الغربية 5408 5941 809 151 132 7033 المجموع 10674 7172 1594 303 256 9325 2011 قطاع غزة 10089 2356 1704 167 105 4332 الضفة الغربية 7247 6733 878 158 104 7873 المجموع 17336 9089 2582 325 209 12205
Road Accidents in Palestine
2005- نتيجة 2007 ورد في تقرير وزارة الصحة أن عدد الوفيات لعام
. وفيات لكل مئة ألف نسمة 8 تبلغقطاع غزة الحوادث المرورية في الجدول التالي يقارن بين عدد الوفيات في قطاع غزة مع دول أخرى . وكذلك مع المعدل العالمي للوفيات بسبب الحوادث احسب معدل الوفيات في قطاع غزة بالنسبة لـ عدد :تمرين متوسط المسافة التي تسافرها كل مركبة ×المركبات المسجلة (VKmT ) في السنة قارن المعدل الناتج مع القيمة المكافئة في الوليات المتحدة أو بريطانيا احسب معدل الوفيات في قطاع غزة بالنسبة لـ عدد :تمرين متوسط المسافة التي تسافرها كل مركبة ×المركبات المسجلة (VKmT ) في السنة قارن المعدل الناتج مع القيمة المكافئة في الوليات المتحدة أو بريطانيا
5.1 Issues Involved in Transportation Safety
5.1.1 Crashes or Accidents
"Accident" is the commonly accepted word for an occurrence involving one or more transportation vehicles in a collision that results in: property damages, injury, or death. The term "accident" implies a random event that occurs for no apparent reason other than "it just happened. Recently it is suggested to use the term Crash rather than accident
5.1 Issues Involved in Transportation Safety
5.1.2 What Causes Transportation Crashes?
If the factors that have contributed to crash
events are identified,
it is then possible to modify and improve the
transportation system.
In the future, with the reduction or elimination
of the crash-causing factor, a safer transportation
system is likely to result.
Causes of collisions
The majority of road crashes are
caused by human error.
Research has shown that driver error
accounts for over 80% of all fatal and
injury crashes in Ireland.
/ http://www.roadsafetymayo.ie/CausesofAccidents
5.1 Issues Involved in Transportation Safety
5.1.3 Factors Involved in
Transportation Crashes
Driver or Operator Action The Vehicle Condition (^) The Roadway Condition The Environment
17
Road Safety & Traffic Management (continued)
Factors Contributing to accidents Road Users Human error (drivers or pedestrian looks but fails to see ) Lack of skill (inexperience, lack of judgement, wrong action or decision) Manner of execution (too fast, failure to look … wrong path, deficiency in action) Impairment (alcohol, fatigue, drugs, illness, emotional, and stress)
19