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Chapter 26: Disorders of Blood Flow
and Blood Pressure Regulation
Questions and Correct Answers 2025-
2026 Rated A
A 28-year-old client who is a heavy smoker tells the practitioner that he has been experiencing pain in his feet and lower legs for several months. The practitioner notes that pulses in the feet are diminished and believes the client may have: - ANSThromboangiitis obliterans A 52-year-old man who is moderately obese has recently been diagnosed with hypertension by the health care provider. Which client statement indicates a need for further health promotion teaching? - ANS"I'm going to eat organic foods from now on but I'm glad I don't have to watch my fat intake." A 56-year-old woman presents at the clinic complaining of the unsightliness of her varicose veins and wants to know what can be done about them. The nurse explains that the treatment for varicose veins includes which intervention? - ANSSclerotherapy or surgery A 60-year-old woman who has lost an extensive amount of blood in a work- related accident says that when her blood pressure was checked in the hospital, the top number (systolic pressure) was lower than usual but the bottom number (diastolic pressure) was about the same. The nurse
recognizes that which reason accounts for this lack of change in the diastolic pressure? - ANSSystemic vasoconstriction maintained the diastolic pressure. A client diagnosed with giant cell arteritis will likely experience pain located in which region of the head? - ANSTemporal A client has been diagnosed with a dissecting aortic aneurysm. It is most important for the nurse to assess the client for: - ANSTearing or ripping- type pain in the chest or back A client has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive arterial disease. Which client statement indicates she understands how to manage this disease? - ANS"I should have my LDL monitored." A client has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which lab result would the practitioner expect? - ANSElevation of triglycerides A client has been prescribed a thiazide diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), for the initial treatment of hypertension. What effect does the nurse know this drug will have on the body to consequently decrease blood pressure? - ANSDecrease vascular volume A client has developed atherosclerosis. The nurse knows that a major cause for this disorder is: - ANSHypertension
pulses and finds the client to be in atrial fibrillation. Which test will the practitioner order to find the source of the emboli? - ANSEchocardiogram A client with persistent, primary hypertension remains apathetic about high blood pressure, stating "I don't feel sick, and it doesn't seem to be causing me any problems that I can tell." How could the nurse best respond to this client's statement? - ANS"You may not sense any problems, but hypertension increases your risk of heart disease and stroke." A nurse is participating in a health fair and is addressing many of the varied factors that can contribute to hypertension. The nurse should be cognizant of the higher incidence and prevalence of hypertension in which groups? - ANSBlack and South Asian people A nurse is planning a community education program on hypertension. Which parameter should be included to explain the regulation of arterial blood pressure? - ANSCardiac output and systemic vascular resistance A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed hypertension about antihypertensive drug therapy. The nurse determines that the knowledge is understood when the client correctly matches which drug category to the action of decreasing vascular volume by suppressing renal reabsorption of sodium and increasing salt and water excretion? - ANSDiuretics An adult's documented blood pressure (BP) readings over the past 2 years include: 140/82 mm Hg, 144/82 mm Hg, 150/82 mm Hg, 160/82 mm Hg,
and 162/82 mm Hg. Which interpretation(s) of these BP trend will the provider discuss with this client? Select all that apply. - ANSClient's systolic BP is hypertensive. Client has increased risk for future cardiovascular events. An older adult client is newly diagnosed with hypertension. Which vascular changes in the aging adult can lead to hypertension? - ANSdecreased elasticity of the aorta and large arteries An older adult client is prescribed a vasodilator for hypertension. Which adverse effect is of greatest concern for an older adult taking this class of drug? - ANSHypotension At 4 AM, the hemodynamic monitor for a critically ill client in the intensive care unit indicates that the client's mean arterial pressure is at the low end of the normal range; at 6 AM, the client's MAP has fallen definitively below normal. The client is at risk for: - ANSOrgan damage and hypovolemic shock Atherosclerosis begins in an insidious manner with symptoms becoming apparent as long as 20 to 40 years after the onset of the disease. Although an exact etiology of the disease has not been identified, epidemiologic studies have shown that there are predisposing risk factors to this disease. What is the major risk factor for developing atherosclerosis? - ANSHypercholesterolemia
The health care team proposes a treatment plan for a client with peripheral artery disease. Which treatment measures are likely included? - ANSExercise training like walking to increase collateral circulation The nurse caring for a client with malignant hypertension knows that which possible complications can occur with malignant hypertension? Select all that apply. - ANSRenal failure Arteriolar wall damage Cerebral edema Intravascular coagulation The nurse is counseling a client regarding a high cholesterol level. The nurse teaches the client that which lipoprotein is the main carrier of cholesterol? - ANSLDL The nurse is preparing to auscultate a client's blood pressure. Which information obtained from the client would indicate that the nurse should wait 30 minutes prior to obtaining a reading? - ANSThe client just smoked a cigarette. The nurse is reviewing a client's history and recognizes that the client smokes cigarettes. The nurse is concerned because smoking does which of the following? - ANSInjures the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels, thereby promoting thrombus development
The nurse is teaching a group of clients about hypertension. The nurse determines that teaching was effective when the clients state: - ANSIt is the most common cardiovascular disorder. The incidence increases with age. The systolic pressure is ≥140 mm Hg. The nurse knows that the primary long-term regulation of blood pressure is exerted by which body system? - ANSKidneys The nurse knows that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important mechanism in blood pressure control. Which physiologic events will activate this system? Select all that apply. - ANSAdrenergic (sympathetic) stimulation Decreased blood sodium Fall in blood pressure Decreased blood volume The nurse knows that which food is excluded from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet? - ANSSteak The nurse knows that which group of antihypertensive drugs is usually the least expensive and are well tolerated? - ANSDiuretics The nurse knows that which of the following would put a client at risk of developing hypertension, if everything else in the body remained unchanged? Select all that apply. - ANSIntravascular fluid retention
The smooth muscle cells produce vasoconstriction of blood vessels due to innervation by which part of the nervous system? - ANSSympathetic Which client would the nurse recognize as needing to be assessed for orthostatic hypotension? - ANSAn 80-year-old client who has experienced two falls while attempting to ambulate to the bathroom Which function is performed by arteries such as the coronary and renal arteries? - ANSDistribution of blood to organs that are controlled by contraction and relaxation of these vessels Which health-focused educational programs will target the most common cause of renovascular disease among older adults? - ANS"Preventive Measures to Decrease Atherosclerosis" Which most important complication of atherosclerosis can result in occlusion of small heart vessels? - ANSThrombosis Which of the following is associated with stasis of blood, increased blood coagulability, and vessel wall injury? - ANSVenous thrombosis Which of the following is the site of chylomicron synthesis? - ANSSmall intestine Which one of the following organs are the two primary sites of lipoprotein synthesis? - ANSSmall intestine and liver
Which risk factor for the development of primary hypertension is nonmodifiable? - ANSBlack ethnicity Which type of aortic aneurysm is the most common? - ANSAbdominal aortic Which type of blood vessel cells in the tunica media layer produce vasoconstriction and/or dilation of blood vessels? - ANSVascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) Which vascular changes can occur in older adults because of the increase in blood pressure during the aging process? - ANSDecreased elasticity in arterial connective tissue
