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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of The Study The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner is the popular poem from Samuel Taylor Coleridge. This poem consists of 18 pages with 7 parts. This literary work was made in 1798. On some essays or journals about this poem and analyzing of the literary work of Coleridge, The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner is the longest poem in literary work and also Coleridge expresses a fascination with the luminal state between the spiritual and natural, or the mundane and the divine. Coleridge was born on 21 October 1772 in the country town of Ottery St Mary, Devon, England. His father is John Coleridge (1718–1781), he is reverend of the parish and headmaster of Henry VIII's Free Grammar School at Ottery. After John Coleridge died in 1781, then 8-year-old Samuel was sent to Christ's Hospital, it is a charity school, where he remained throughout his childhood, studying and writing poetry. Samuel Taylor Coleridge is one of popular poets of English romantic period, he is also a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets. The best known for his literary works are The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan , as well as for his major prose work Biographia Literaria. His critical work, especially on Shakespeare, was
highly influential, and he helped to introduce German idealist philosophy to English-speaking culture. In 1792, he won the Browne Gold Medal for an ode that he wrote on the slave trade. In December 1793, he left the college and enlisted in the Royal Dragoons using the false name "Silas Tomkyn Comberbache", perhaps because of debt or because the girl that he loved, Mary Evans, had rejected him. Afterwards, he was rumored to have had about with severe depression. His brothers arranged for his discharge a few months later under the reason of "insanity" and he was readmitted to Jesus College, though he would never receive a degree from Cambridge. He also composed the symbolic poem Kubla Khan. In 1798, Coleridge and Wordsworth published a joint volume of poetry, Lyrical Ballads , which proved to be the starting point for the English Romantic Movement. Wordsworth may have contributed more poems, but the real star of the collection was Coleridge's first version of The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner. It was the longest work and drew more praise and attention than anything else in the volume. The other poems, like Kubla Khan and Christabel had an additional "romantic" aura because they were never finished. The beginning stanza shows that the speaker in this poem is a wedding guest. In the wedding party he meets an old man (the ancient mariner) and they are making conversation with each other. Actually, the speaker does not want to listen him, but the ancient mariner forces him to
mistake. The ancient mariner wakes up from his dream and he finds the entire passengers of the ship are dead. And suddenly the ship drifts ashore to the island. In the island, he meets many people having bright skin and he sees the light of heaven that is beautiful light he has ever seen. After that, he meets hermit and saving him to joint with his ship. In the ship the ancient mariner tells to hermit that he sees and all of his experiences before he drifts ashore in the island. That is the story of the ancient mariner to wedding-guest, he tells that it is very beautiful adventure and advises for wedding-guest to aware the ecology of this world. There are responses from the readers to this poem. Firstly, Ann’s books and The Mad Monk , among others. She comments in her reviews that Situations of torment, and images of naked horror, are easily conceives; and a writer in whose works they abound, deserves gratitude almost equally with him who should drag the readers by way of sport through a military hospital, or force his fans to sit at the dissecting-table of a natural philosopher. Mary Shelley, who knew Coleridge well, mentions The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner twice directly in Frankenstein, and some of the descriptions in the novel echo it indirectly, and also she states that The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner used these elements in poems such as certainly influenced other poets and writers of the time. So, from two statements above, it is clear that this poem is the one of good poem to express the nature condition.
From Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s literary work, the writer wants to analyze The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner , because there are three aspects that make this poem be interested to study. This poem has long work and the content of poem is very detail. The detail poem itself ranges from imagery, rhyme, and content. Firstly, in this poem there are imageries that have been showed by Coleridge, and all of parts of imagery from visual until tactile imagery show in this poem. For example: The ship was cheered, the harbour cleared, the imagery in this stanza is cheered and cleared , the two words are that shows cheered as auditory imagery and cleared as a visual imagery. In the sentence of The ship was cheered the imagery shows the ship rings his horn to show that it will anchor. The word of cleared shows visual imagery because in sentence of the harbour cleared imagine that the harbor quiets from the ships. Secondly, it tells that the rhyme of this poem is interesting. Because in The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner poem has many stanzas, so rhyme in this poem there are exact and slant rhyme. For example in the first stanza it has feminine rhyme because it uses same-sounding ending a/a/a/a. Even though, in second stanza it uses masculine rhyme because the ending of sound is different a/b/a/b. Thirdly, focusing on the content, this poem has something different with other poems, such as to attract the reader, Coleridge invites the reader with the form of this poem. The beginning stanza in this poem tells about the narration before climax and organization of the poem was arranged
great importance of editing in the writing process because it urges to always have inspiration even though it’s hard to. Another study is conducted by A. Neuman (2003) in “ The Mariner's Ancient Eye: Multiple Perspectives in Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner ”. For his study, the writer analyzes multiple perspectives the Coleridge’s poem. And the conclusion of this research enduring poem The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner , Samuel Coleridge added a pointed Latin epigraph, perhaps to clarify what he hoped the poem would convey upon his readers. The added lines ask us to reevaluate our perceptions of man and nature, as what is easily perceived by man is far from the full truth. Those articles as references the writer chooses to analyze Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s poem based on a structural approach. It is difference with the articles study above. First article was taken from Pink Peppie (2009) in her article “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner ”. This is different with this research because in her research paper only describes the content of the poem. While, in this research paper not only describes this poem but it also analyzes poem using structural and sociological perspectives. The second research paper was taken from A. Neuman (2003) in “The Mariner's Ancient Eye: Multiple Perspectives in Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner ”. His article is also different from this research because Neuman’s article uses multiple perspectives to analyze The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner, while this research paper only analyzes two perspectives, there are structural and sociological perspective.
C. Problem Statement The problem of the study is how the ecological awareness is reflected in Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s poem The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner.
D. Objective of the Study Based on the problem that has been stated above, the objective of the study are as follows:
- To analyze the poem based on the structural elements.
- To analyze the poem based on the sociological perspective.
E. Research Limitation In this study, the writer limits the study on a sociological perspective in Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The writer takes one Samuel Taylor Coleridge poem that is The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner, because this poem is long work that consists of seven parts with 18 pages, so the writer only takes one poem of Coleridge’s poems_._
3. Data and Data Source a. Data The data of this research is word, phrases and sentences from Samuel Taylor Coleridge poem The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner. b. Data Source 1) Primary data source The primary data source is the poem of The Rhyme of The Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. 2) Secondary data source The secondary data source is the other source relating to the primary source. Data sources are information about the author biography, website about the poem, and other resources supporting the analysis. 4. Method of Collecting Data The method of collecting the data is note-taking The Rhyme of The Ancient Mariner poem. In this research, the document is the lyrics of The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner Samuel Taylor Coleridge poem. So the writer has some steps in collecting the data, as follows: a. Finding the lyrics of poem in website. b. Reading the poem to get deeply understanding towards the source of data. c. Analyzing the structural elements of this poem. d. Finally, analyzing the sociological perspective of this poem.
5. Method of Analyzing Data The method used in analyzing the data is descriptive analysis. It concerns with the structural elements of the poem and the sociological perspectives.
H. Research Paper Organization This research paper organization of “Raising the Ecological Awareness in Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner A Sociological Perspective” is as follows: Chapter I is Introduction. It consists of Background of the Study, Previous Study, Problem Statement, Objective of the Study, Limitation of the Study, Benefits of the Study. Chapter II is Underlying Theory. It presents Sociology of Literature, Sociological Aspect, Structural Elements of Poetry. Chapter III is the social background of England in eighteenth century. Chapter IV concerns with structural analysis of the poem and discussion. Chapter V is Conclusion and Suggestion. The last part will be Bibliography and Appendix.
