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Cadaver dissection
Cutting and separation of tissues to reveal their relationships TERM 2
Comparative anatomy
DEFINITION 2 The study of more than one species in order to examine structural similarities and differences, and analyze evolutionary trends TERM 3
Exploratory surgery
DEFINITION 3 Opening the body to take a look at it TERM 4
Medical imaging
DEFINITION 4 Viewing the inside of the body without surgery TERM 5
Gross anatomy
DEFINITION 5 The study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
Cytology
The study of structure and function of cells TERM 7
Histology
DEFINITION 7 Examination of cells with microscope TERM 8
Ultrastructure
DEFINITION 8 The molecular detail seen in electron microscopes TERM 9
Histopathology
DEFINITION 9 Microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease TERM 10
Comparative physiology
DEFINITION 10 The study of different species to learn about bodily functions (animal surgery, animal tests, etc.) Also the basis for the development of new drugs and medical procedures
Peer Review
Critical evaluation by other experts in the field (Ensures honesty, objectivity, and quality in science) TERM 17
Scientific Fact
DEFINITION 17 Information that can be independently verified by a trained person TERM 18
Law of Nature
DEFINITION 18
- Generalization about the predictable way matter and energy behave - Results from inductive reasoning and repeated observations - Written as verbal statements or mathematical formulae TERM 19
Theory
DEFINITION 19
- An explanatory statement or set of a statements derived from facts, laws, and confirmed hypotheses - Summarizes what we know - Suggests direction for further study TERM 20
Natural Selection
DEFINITION 20
- Some individuals within a species have hereditary advantages over their competitors - Better camouflage - Disease resistance - Ability to attract mates - Produce more offspring and then pass it on
Evolution
- Change in genetic composition of population organisms - Development of bacterial resistance to antibodies - Appearance of new strains of AIDS virus TERM 22
Selection pressures
DEFINITION 22 natural forces that promote the reproductive success of some individuals more than others TERM 23
Adaptations
DEFINITION 23 Features of an organisms anatomy, physiology, or behaviors that have evolved in response to these selection pressures and enable the organism to cope with the challenges of its environment TERM 24
Vestigial Organs
DEFINITION 24 Remnants of organs that apparently were better developed and more functional in the ancestors of a species and now serve little or no purpose. (piloerector muscle and auricularis muscle) TERM 25
Primates
DEFINITION 25 Order of mammals to which humans, monkeys, and apes belong
Tissues
A mass of similar cells and cells products that form discrete region of an organ and performs a specific function, composed of cells TERM 32
Organs
DEFINITION 32 Structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function, composed of tissues TERM 33
Organ systems
DEFINITION 33 human body is made of 11 organ systems, composed of organs TERM 34
Organism
DEFINITION 34 a single, complete individual, is composed of organ system (Finish) TERM 35
Reductionism
DEFINITION 35 The theory that a large, complex system such as the human body can be understood by studying its simpler components (First espoused by Aristotle, highly productive approach, essential to scientific thinking)
Holism
There are emergent properties of the whole organism that cannot be predicted from the properties of the separate parts (humans are more than the sum of their parts, complementary theory to reductionism) TERM 37
Homeostasis
DEFINITION 37 The bodys ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and thereby maintain relatively stable internal conditions TERM 38
Negative Feedback Loop
DEFINITION 38 Body senses a change and activates mechanisms to reverse it (dynamic equilibrium) TERM 39
Receptor
DEFINITION 39 Senses change in the body TERM 40
Integrating (control)
center
DEFINITION 40 Control center that processes the sensory information, makes a decision, and directs the response
