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fatty acids
a long chain aliphatic carboxylic acid found in natural fats and oils; also a component of membrane phospholipids and glycolipids TERM 2
triacylglycerol
DEFINITION 2 an ester of glycerol with three molecules of fatty acid; also called a triglyceride or neutral fat; used for energy storage TERM 3
lipase
DEFINITION 3 enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols TERM 4
phospholipids
DEFINITION 4 a lipid containing one or more phosphate groups TERM 5
glycolipids
DEFINITION 5 a lipid containing a carbohydrate group
glycerophospholipids
an amphipathic lipid with a glycerol backbone; fatty acids are ester-linked to C-1 and C-2 of glycerol, and a polar alcohol is attached through a phosphodiester linkage to C- TERM 7
ether lipids
DEFINITION 7 one of the two acyl chains is attached to glycerol in ether, rather than ester, linkage TERM 8
plasmalogens
DEFINITION 8 a phospholipid with an alkenyl ether substituent on the C- of glycerol TERM 9
platelet-activating factor
DEFINITION 9 a potent molecular signal; it is released from leukocytes called basophils and stimulates platelet aggregation and the release of serotonin from platelets TERM 10
galactolipids
DEFINITION 10 predominate in plant cells, in which one or two galactose residues are connected by a glycosidic linkage to C-3 of a 1,2-diacylglycerol
globosides
glycosphingolipids with two or more sugars, usually D- glucose, D-galactose, or N-acetyl-D-galactosamine TERM 17
neutral glycolipids
DEFINITION 17 cerebrosides and globosides are often called this, as they have no charge at pH 7 TERM 18
gangliosides
DEFINITION 18 the most complex sphingolipids, have oliosaccharides as their polar head groups and one or more residues of N- acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a sialic acid, at the termini TERM 19
sterols
DEFINITION 19 structural lipids present in the membranes of most eukaryotic cells; a class of lipids containing the steroid nucleus TERM 20
cholesterol
DEFINITION 20 the major sterol in animal tissues, is amphipathic, with a polar head group (the hydroxyl groups at C-3) and a nonpolar hydrocarbon body (the steroid nucleus and the hydrocarbon side chain at C-17)
bile acids
polar derivatives of cholesterol that act as detergents in the intestine, emulsifying dietary fats to make them more readily accessible to digestive lipases TERM 22
prostaglandins (PG)
DEFINITION 22 contain a five-carbon ring originating from the chain of arachidonic acid; a class of lipid-soluble, hormonelike regulatory molecules derived from arachidonate and other polyunsaturated fatty acids TERM 23
thromboxanes
DEFINITION 23 a class of molecules derived from arachidonate and involved in platelet aggregation during blood clotting TERM 24
leukotrienes
DEFINITION 24 a family of molecules derived from arachidonate; muscle contractants that constrict air passages in the lungs and are involved in asthma TERM 25
vitamins
DEFINITION 25 an organic substance required in small quantities in the diet of some species; generally functions as a component of a coenzyme
lipidome
the full complement of lipids in a cell or tissue under a particular set of conditions TERM 32
polyunsaturated fatty
acids
DEFINITION 32 a fatty acid with more than one double bond, generally nonconjugated
