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Chapter 13- The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and
Somatic Reflexes Practice Problems EXAM LATEST
2025 REAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND DETAIED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |AGRADE
Identify the functions of the spinal cord: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> locomotion, reflexes, conduction List regions of the spinal cord: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> thoracic, lumbar, cervical, sacral The term "nerve fiber" refers to the _______ of a neuron. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> axon Indicate which of the areas are gray matter. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> anterior horn, lateral horn, posterior horn The ______ canal is an opening within the gray commissure; lined with ependymal cells and containing cerebral spinal fluid. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> central Identify connective tissue layer (#3). - CORRECT ANSWER >>> perineurium Post-ganglionic _____ nerve fibers innervate skin, skeletal muscles, bones, and joints - CORRECT ANSWER >>> somatic How many spinal nerves emerges in thoracic spinal cord? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 12 pairs How many cranial spinal nerves are there? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 8 pairs
How many lumbar spinal nerves are there? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 5 pairs List layers of meninges from superficial to deep. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 1. dura matter
- arachnoid matter
- pia matter ____ matter is myelinated nervous tissue deep to the cortex of the cerebrum and cerebellum and superficial to gray matter of spinal cord. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> White A ________ is a cordlike organ composed of numerous nerve fibers (fascicles) bound together by connective tissue. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> nerve Indicated in figure contains two tracts. Identify. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> spinothalamic tract, spinal reticular tract A _______ is a stereotyped, automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> reflex Loose connective tissue surrounding individual nerve fibers within a nerve bundle is referred to as a _____. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> endoneurium Adult humans have ____ pairs of spinal nerves. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 31 What structure marks the beginning of the spinal cord? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> foramen magnum
Also known as a motor nerve fiber, an _____ fiber is a nerve fiber carrying nerve signals away from the central nervous system. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> efferent The ____ canal is an opening within the gray commissure; lined with ependymal cells and containing cerebrospinal fluid. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> central Which of the following are properties of a reflex. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Stereotyped, involuntary, quick, requires stimulation The term "nerve fiber" refers to the ____ of a neuron. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> axon Define reflex - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a stereotyped, automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus Define somatic fiber. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Nerve fiber that innervates skin, skeletal muscles, bones and joints The spinal cord contains ascending and descending nerve that conducts information between the CNS and the periphery. This illustrates the function of ____. **- CORRECT ANSWER
** conduction The cluster of nerves indicated on the figure is the ____ plexus. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> lumbar plexus Indicate which types of spinal nerves form nerve plexuses. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> sacral, cervical, lumbar ____ muscle fibers are muscle fibers within a muscle spindle. - CORRECT ANSWER
>>> intrafusal A reflex in which a contralateral extensor muscle is contracted is called a ______ _______ reflex.
- CORRECT ANSWER >>> crossed extension The _____ matter is the layer that is just below (deep to) the dura matter. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> arachnoid Identify structure. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Terminal filum The ____ matter of the central nervous system contains the synapses and therefore is the site of synaptic integration. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> gray The anterior horns of the spinal cord contain somas of somatic _____ neurons. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> motor The typical location for muscle ______ is at the ends of a muscle, near the tendons. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> spindles Define quadriplegia - CORRECT ANSWER >>> paralysis of all four limbs The ______ ligament is formed as the terminal filum and dura mater fuse. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> coccygeal The _____ ____ is the tapering end of a spinal cord. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> medullary cone (conus medullaris)
The arrangement of nerves inferior to the medullary cone is called the _____ _____. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> cauda equina List four possible effectors of a reflex response. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> glands, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle Posterior roots of the spinal nerve carry _____ nerve fibers. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> sensory An ______ fiber are muscle fibers outside of a muscle spindle. **- CORRECT ANSWER
** extrafusal Anterior roots of the spinal cord contain axons of ____ neurons. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> motor What are some examples of somatosensory stimuli? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> touch, pressure, stretch, pain, heat/cold Define arachnoid mater. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> middle layer of the meninges The central canal of the spinal cord contains: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> cerebrospinal fluid Within the spinal cord, descending tracts conduct _____ signals down the spinal chord. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> motor Identify structure. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> anterior (ventral) root A _____ is a cluster of neuron cell bodies outside of the CNS. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> ganglion
The structure indicated is called the _____ ____. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> posterior root Indicate two examples of purely sensory nerves. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> optic nerve, olfactory nerve The structures indicated are called ______. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> rootlets The ____ horns of the spinal cord contain cell bodies of outgoing somatic motor neurons. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> anterior A quick contraction of the flexor muscles in response to a painful stimulus is called a ____. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> felxor Define contralateral - CORRECT ANSWER >>> two points are on opposite sides of body Identify - CORRECT ANSWER >>> posterior root ganglion The ____ reflex is ipsilateral. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> flexor The ____ matter is the meningeal layer that is closely associated with the contours of the spinal cord. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> pia In the PNS, the _____ cells form a neurilemma and the myelin sheath around an axon. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Schwann The branch of the spinal nerve that is indicated is called a(n) _____ ramus. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> anterior
Sensory pathways consist of a particular number of neurons. Sensory pathways consist of a particular number of neurons. Sensory pathways consist of a chain of ____ (what number?) neurons in sequence. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> three Based on the presence of both efferent and afferent fibers, spinal nerves are classified as _____ nerves. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> mixed ______ fibers are nerve fibers that innervate blood vessels, glands, and internal organs. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> visceral The _____ median fissure is a longitudinal groove on ventral surface of spinal cord. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> anterior The ______ motor neuron of the descending pathway innervates the target organ. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> lower In descending pathways, the upper motor neurons synapse with ______ _______ neurons in the brainstem or spinal cord. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> lower motor Define sensory nerve. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A nerve containing only fibers carrying incoming nerve signals to the CNS The denticulate ligaments are extensions of the _____ mater that extend through the other meningeal layers to anchor the spinal cord. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> pia In descending pathways, the _____ motor neurons have their somas in the cerebral cortex or brainstem. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> upper | P a g e
______ neurons carry information away from the nervous system. **- CORRECT ANSWER
** efferent Identify structure. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> medullary cone Because of _______ of nerve tracts, the right side of the brain communicates with the left side of body, and vice vesra. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> decussation
