Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
An in-depth analysis of the representative elements in the periodic table, including hydrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, boron group, carbon group, nitrogen group, oxygen group, and halogens. It covers their electron configurations, properties, reactions, and important compounds.
Typology: Exams
1 / 36
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
o Hydrogen o Group 1A o Group 2A o Group 3A o Group 4A o Group 5A o Group 6A o Group 7A o Group 8A 1 Big Idea: The structure of atoms determines their properties; consequently, the behavior of elements is related to their location in the periodic table. In general nonmetallic character becomes more pronounced toward the right of the periodic table.
2
1
4
2
2 5
๏ Strong polarizing power ๏ Forms bonds with highly covalent character ๏ Used in ceramics, Lubricants, Medicine (lithium carbonate (treatment for bipolar disorder)) ๏ Mined as rock salt which is a deposit of sodium chloride left as ancient oceans evaporated ๏ Extracted using electrolysis of molten NaCl (Downs process) 7 Lithium Sodium
Important Group ๏ NaCl ๏ NaOH ๏ NaHCO 3 (Baking Soda) ๏ HCO 3
๏ Electron configuration is ns 2 (n is the period number). ๏ All group 2 element are too reactive to occur in the uncombined state in nature. ๏ Usually found as doubly charged cations. ๏ All group 2 elements except for beryllium react with water and the vigor of the reaction increases going down the group. 10 The Alkaline Earth Metals
๏ Has some non metal tendencies ๏ The gemstone emerald contains Be but its green color is caused by Cr 3+ ions ๏ Obtained by the electrolytic reduction of molten beryllium chloride ๏ Found in sea water ๏ The element of rigidity and construction (bones, shells, concrete, mortar, limestone (buildings)โฆ) 11 Beryllium Magnesium Calcium ๏ Found in sea water ๏ Mg is present in the chlorophyll molecule ๏ Forms protective oxide ๏ Obtained by either chemical or electrolytic reduction of its compounds
Common Reactions ๏ Reaction with Halogens ๏ M + X 2 ๏ MX 2 X 2 is any halogen ๏ Reaction with Oxygen ๏ 2M + O 2 ๏ 2MO ๏ Reaction with H ๏ M + H 2 ๏ MH 2 ๏ Reaction with N ๏ 3M + N 2 ๏ M 3 N 2 High temperatures ๏ Reaction with Water ๏ M +2H 2 O ๏ M(OH) 2 + H 2 ๏ Reaction with Ions ๏ M + 2H
๏ M 2+
๏ Electron configuration is ns 2 np 1 (n is the period number). ๏ Boron and aluminum almost always have an oxidation number of +3. ๏ The heavier elements of the group are more likely to keep their s electrons and can have oxidation numbers of + or +3. 14
Important Compounds ๏ B(OH) 3 (Boric Acid) ๏ Na 2 B 4 O 7 ยท10H 2 O(borax) ๏ Al 2 O 3 (Aluminum oxide or alumina) 16
Common Reactions ๏ Reaction with Halogens ๏ 2M +3X 2 ๏ 2MX 3 X 2 any halogen, TI gives as TIX well, but no TII 3 ๏ Reactions with O ๏ 4M + 3O 2 ๏ 2M 2 O 3 ๏ Reactions with N ๏ 2M +N 2 ๏ 2MN ๏ Reactions with ions ๏ 2M + 6H
๏ 2M 3+
19 Carbon (^) Silicon
2
20
Germanium Tin Lead
