Chapter 2 England’s Colonies, Quizzes of History

Download Chapter 2 England’s Colonies and more Quizzes History in PDF only on Docsity! CHAPTER 2 England’s Colonies CONCEPT MAP |. The English Background IR ILA ‘eligious Conflict and War merican Colonies A. People and Profits rommoogn . Self-Sustaining Colonies . The Landless English . Virginia . Indentured Servants . Pocahontas . The Virginia Company Prospers. . Bacon’s Rebellion . Maryland . Settling New England i. Plymouth ii. Massachusetts Bay a. Anne Hutchinson iii. Representative Government iv. Rhode Island v. Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Maine IV. The English Civil War in America V. The Restoration in the Colonies A B. Cc. D. . The Carolinas . Barbados . Carolina . Enslaving Indians VI. The Middle Colonies and Georgia . New Netherland Becomes New York . New Jersey . Pennsylvania . Delaware moon p> . Georgia VIL. Native Peoples and English Settlers A. Native Americans and Christianity B. The Pequot War C. King Philip’s War D. The Iroquois League VIII. Slavery in the Colonies A. Slavery in North America B. Slavery’s African Roots C. Slave Culture IX. Thriving Colonies FOCUS QUESTIONS 1. What motivated English monarchs and investors to establish American colonies? 2. What were the characteristics of the English colonies in the Chesapeake region, the Carolinas, the middle colonies—Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware—and New England prior to 1700? 3. In what ways did the English colonists and Native Americans adapt to each other’s presence? 4. What role did indentured servants and the development of slavery play in colonial America? 5. How did the English colonies become the most populous and powerful region in North America by 1700? 10. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 48 OBJ: 2.1 TOP: Religious Conflict and War MSC: Remembering What is the concept of divine right? a. As opposed to goveming through constitutional monarchy, the monarch derives power from God and answers only to God. b. England is destined to dominate the New World, justifying any actions against any peoples currently inhabiting the New World. c. The citizens of a country have God-given rights that their government must respect and defend regardless of official religion. d. The head of the Anglican Church will never declare any doctrine or teaching that is against the will of God. e. Kings and queens could no longer suspend Parliament, create armies, or impose taxes without Parliament’s consent. ANS: A DIF: _ Difficult REF: Page 48 | Page 50 OBJ: 2.2 TOP: Religious Conflict and War MSC: Evaluating What led to a civil war in England? a. Charles I tried to return England to Catholicism as the official religion. b. Under Charles I, tensions over the legitimate powers of the king and Parliament escalated into war. c. Following the invasion of England, the country was divided over which side to support. d. Charles I levied new taxes that were so unpopular that the nation rebelled. e. Charles I gave all power to Parliament to avoid the bureaucratic responsibilities of the throne. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Page 49 OBJ: 2.1 TOP: Religious Conflict and War MSC: Applying What was a result of the Glorious Revolution of 1688? a. It reasserted the power of Parliament. b. It delayed English colonization for several decades. c. Itultimately kept Oliver Cromwell in power. d. It gave the monarchy absolute power. e. It caused Catholicism to spread across England for years to come. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Page 50 OBJ: 2.1 TOP: Religious Conflict and War MSC: Understanding In 1688, during what became known as the Glorious Revolution, King Charles II was forced from the throne and replaced by his daughter, Mary, and her husband, William of Orange. Why did Parliament prefer William and Mary to Charles II? a. William and Mary were Protestant. b. William and Mary were Quakers. c. William and Mary would restore Oliver Cromwell to power. d. William and Mary wanted to temporarily abolish the monarchy to write a new constitution. e. William and Mary would delay the American Revolution. ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: Page 50 OBJ: 2.1 TOP: Religious Conflict and War MSC: Applying The English used Ireland as one model of settlement for North America. The English Occupation of Ireland is characterized by the a. humane and just treatment of the Irish population. b. legal purchase and acquisition of land from the locals. c. refusal to allow non-natives to move into Ireland. d. cruel and inhumane treatment of Protestants. e. brutal “planting” of Protestant plantations among a Catholic population. ANS: E DIF: Difficult REF: Page 50 OBJ: 2.2 TOP: American Colonies MSC: Analyzing The stockholders who invested in the Virginia Company were motivated primarily by a. religion. 1L 12. 13. 14. 15. b. a desire to preserve natural landmarks. c. curiosity about the New World. d. personal loyalty to James I. e. financial profit. ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: Page 52 OBJ: 2.1 TOP: American Colonies MSC: Understanding How did the enclosure movement foster England’s desire to colonize? a. The enclosure movement created products that could be marketed and sold in the New World, so colonization was seen as necessary for the English economy. b. The enclosure movement needed the resources of the New World to produce its products, as sheep were only found in North America at that point in history. c. The enclosure movement led to landless, unemployed farmers wandering England, and sending them to colonies was seen as a way to relieve the problems this trend created. d. The enclosure movement reduced the amount of space in prisons in favor of creating additional housing and, thus, the New World was seen as a place to send the prisoners. e. The enclosure movement caused the population in England to fall dramatically, so there were many opportunities for employment and little reason for Englishmen to travel to New England. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: Page 52 OBJ: 2.2 TOP: American Colonies MSC: Applying In what way was Chief Powhatan similar to the English and Spanish? a. He was as much an imperialist as the English or Spanish, conquering other chieftains and making them give him and his people corn. b. He refused to trade with other groups of people outside the Powhatan Confederacy, including the English and Spanish. c. He held little power along the Virginia coast and relied on selling his own people as servants to neighboring tribes. d. He and his people had little knowledge of agricultural practices in Virginia and, as a result, suffered famine and disease. e. He initiated the development of joint-stock companies and used them to fund exploration of neighboring areas in New England. ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: Page 54 OBJ: 2.2 TOP: American Colonies MSC: Analyzing How did the colony of Jamestown manage to survive? a. the large sums of money that the colonists there used to bring in additional supplies regularly b. the preparedness of the colonists and their eagerness to sacrifice for the good of the whole colony c. the dynamic leadership of John Smith and his bargaining with the Native Americans d. the lack of the diseases and hardships that afflicted other colonies e. the relocation of the Virginia Company to New York ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 54 OBJ: 2.3 TOP: American Colonies MSC: Understanding Which of the following did John Smith do as Jamestown’s leader? a. He rescued the colonists from the lax governance of Sir Thomas Gates. b. He tried to wipe out the Powhatan Confederacy in a series of major battles. c. He helped the colony to persist by demanding more work from the colonists. d. He argued in letters back to England that the colony should be abandoned. e. He discovered deposits of gold and silver that ensured the colony’s survival. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 54 OBJ: 2.3 TOP: American Colonies MSC: Understanding One characteristic of Jamestown in its initial years was a. the high percentage of slaves in its population. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. b. complete freedom of religion. c. the influence of women in its government. d. intense competition over the gold found there. e. the high mortality rate among its settlers. ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: Page 54 OBJ: 2.2 TOP: American Colonies MSC: Evaluating The Jamestown colony finally attained a measure of prosperity from a. land sales. d. tobacco. b. trade with Indians. e. trade with Spanish Florida. c. gold discoveries. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Page 55 OBJ: 2.2 TOP: American Colonies MSC: Remembering Although frequently taught to schoolchildren, the story of Pocahontas has often been subject to distortion through the years. Which of the following statements accurately describes Pocahontas? a. She embraced the lifestyle of her English captors and had a platonic friendship with John Smith. b. She refused to convert to Christianity and turned down an invitation to journey to England. c. She defended John Smith because they were lovers and went on to marry him. d. She played virtually no role in the relationship between the natives and the English. e. She led a plot to kill John Smith because his people had trespassed on her people’s land. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Pages56-57 OBJ: 2.2 TOP: American Colonies MSC: Applying The headright system adopted for the Virginia colony consisted of a. giving fifty acres of land to anyone who would transport himself to the colony and fifty more for any servants he might bring. b. “selling” wives to single male settlers. c. auctioning black slaves to settlers. d. giving free land to all servants who came to the colony. e. giving free land in return for five years of military service. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Page 57 OBJ: 2.2 TOP: American Colonies MSC: Understanding In 1624, the Virginia Company declared bankruptcy and a. was merged with New England to ensure stability and profitability. b. was taken over by the crown and made a royal colony. c. saw the end of the wealthy planter class in Virginia. d. henceforth prevented settlers from owning their own property. e. saw its land conquered by nearby Native American tribes. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Page 57 OBJ: 2.2 TOP: American Colonies MSC: Remembering Why was Nathaniel Bacon enraged by Governor Sir William Berkeley? a. Berkeley represented the common man in Virginia, especially small farmers. b. Berkeley opposed the economic dominance and political influence of the large planters. c. Berkeley led a revolt of the poor against the well connected and wealthy. d. Berkeley ran against Bacon for the office of governor of Maryland. e. Berkeley refused to punish the Native Americans for raiding white settlements. ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: Page 58 OBJ: 2.2 TOP: American Colonies MSC: Evaluating Which of the following statements accurately describes Bacon’s Rebellion? a. It brought indentured servants and small farmers together against the colony’s rich planters and political leaders. b. Ithad the support of nearby Indian tribes, who joined forces with Bacon’s rebel group of small 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. enslaved workers in the American colonies were Africans. c. Especially in the Carolinas, English settlers initially prohibited trade with the Native Americans because Native Americans were treated solely as slaves. d. Unlike Africans, Native Americans were rarely forcibly taken to areas such as the Caribbean and were restricted to working in New England. e. The Carolina proprietors in London were largely responsible for the Native American slave trade, forcing English colonists to meet a quota of slaves. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Page 72 OBJ: 2.3 TOP: The Restoration in the Colonies MSC: Applying What was a result of the focus of the Dutch administration of New Netherland on making money? a. The Dutch were particularly tolerant toward Native Americans by preventing violence toward them. b. Compared to most of the other European colonies in the Americas, the Dutch embraced ethnic and religious diversity. c. The Dutch formed tight partnerships with Jewish settlers, making the Jewish population the fastest growing of the seventeenth century. d. The Dutch concentrated their efforts on trade within the colonies rather than other parts of the world such as China, India, and Africa. e. The Dutch gave work strictly to Dutch laborers to guarantee that money would remain within the Dutch economy. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: Page 75 OBJ: 2.2 TOP: The Middle Colonies and Georgia MSC: Evaluating The first Jews in the colonies arrived in a. Maryland. d. Massachusetts Bay. b. New Netherland. e. Rhode Island. c. Pennsylvania. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Page 76 OBJ: 2.2 TOP: The Middle Colonies and Georgia MSC: Remembering What was one reason New Netherland fell to the English with little difficulty? a. Much of the population of Manhattan was not even Dutch and was contemptuous of the colonial government. b. The Dutch Empire had failed to expand quickly enough to achieve a place on the world stage. c. The New Netherland governors focused too much of their attention on building positive Indian relations. d. The Catholic faith of the Dutch nation meant they avoided the use of violence, even in times of war. e. Compared to New Netherland, England had a far superior position as a continental financial power. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Page 76 OBJ: 2.1 TOP: The Middle Colonies and Georgia MSC: Analyzing Quakers suffered frequent and violent persecution for their beliefs. A key feature of their worship was insisting on the supremacy of Puritanism to all who would listen. sitting quietly and waiting for the “Inner Light” of the Holy Spirit to move them to speak. proclaiming the fundamental depravity of others and the inferiority of women. limiting the experience of the gospel to a select few members of the community. treating William Penn as saint due to the emphasis they placed on religious authority. panos ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 77-78 OBJ: 2.2 TOP: The Middle Colonies and Georgia MSC: Understanding The colony of Pennsylvania was a. based upon lands seized from the Indians. b. open to all religious believers. c. populated solely by the English. d. governed by Quaker ministers. 40. 41. 42. 43. 45. e. considered part of New England. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Page 79 OBJ: 2.2 TOP: The Middle Colonies and Georgia MSC: Remembering Georgia served as a military buffer against the Spanish in Florida. What was another reason for the settlement of Georgia by the English? a. It was initially a utopian colony designed to help debtors avoid prison. b. It was so rich in resources that it was already economically self-sufficient within the first year. It was a haven for escaped slaves. . It was the first piece of land the English had the opportunity to colonize. e. Ithad already been successful as a social experiment for the common man. an ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Page 82 OBJ: 2.4 TOP: The Middle Colonies and Georgia MSC: Understanding What was the first commodity that was a major source of trade between the Native Americans and Europeans in the New World? a. lumber d. fish b. furs e. wheat c. tobacco ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Page 83 OBJ: 2.3 TOP: Native Peoples and English Settlers MSC: Analyzing Puritans sought to have Indians a. executed when convicted of even minor crimes. b. pushed farther to the north and west. c. move to “praying towns.” d. move into English settlements. e. relocate to Rhode Island with Roger Williams. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Page 83 OBJ: 2.3 TOP: Native Peoples and English Settlers MSC: Remembering Which of the following statements accurately describes the experiences of the Pequot Indians following the 1637 war with New England? a. The Pequots retained most of their traditional lands. b. The Pequots faced a religious crisis due to prophesies of victory that had been made. c. The Pequots suffered huge losses in the war, and many survivors were enslaved. d. The Pequots launched another war in revenge that was more successful. e. The Pequots ruled all other Indian tribes in the region as puppets of the English. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 83-84 OBJ: 2.3 TOP: Native Peoples and English Settlers MSC: Understanding A major cause of King Philip’s War was a. Indian resentment over forced conversions to Christianity. b. King Philip’s desire for territorial expansion. c. Indian anger over their destruction from European diseases. d. Indian feelings of racial superiority over the English. e. the need of Indian warriors to prove themselves in battle. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Page 84 OBJ: 2.3 TOP: Native Peoples and English Settlers MSC: Understanding Which of the following statements accurately describes the historical figure Metacom? a. He was known to the British colonists as King Philip and was the Wampanoag chief during King Philip’s War, which resulted in his gruesome defeat and decapitation. b. He confessed to the murder of John Sassamon, a Christian Indian, which convinced the British colonists to pursue missionary work and trade agreements with his people rather than violence. c. He survived King Philip’s War by successfully escaping west with his Narragansett tribe to lands 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. not yet known or explored by the colonists. d. He was the leader of the Iroquois League who led such targeted and stealthy attacks against the Dutch and French that the Native Americans suffered few casualties. e. He was a devout Christian opposed to the primacy of the Puritan Church who started a widespread conflict among competing churches in New England. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 84-85 OBJ: 2.3 TOP: Native Peoples and English Settlers MSC: Remembering What was one way the Iroquois League was unique? a. It was hardly an alliance because it was so weak and ineffective. b. Its set of overarching laws emphasized the value of war and destruction. c. It was made up of clans led by women and guided by a constitution. d. It was ruled by a monarchy, following the tradition of the English. e. It controlled territory in the Bahamas as well as Florida. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 85 OBJ: 2.3 TOP: Native Peoples and English Settlers MSC: Applying Which of the following statements is true of the institution of slavery in the American colonies? a. Slavery was not a factor north of the Chesapeake region during the colonial period. b. Slaves did not achieve a self-sustaining rate of reproduction in the colonies prior to the American Revolution. c. Slavery in New England tended to be “family slavery,” with slaves and masters living under the same roof. d. Slaves made up nearly 50 percent of the colonial population by the time of the American Revolution. e. Most slaves were working in cotton during the colonial period. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: Page 87 OBJ: 2.4 TOP: Slavery in the Colonies MSC: Understanding Which of the following statements accurately describes the Middle Passage? a. Some enslaved Africans sought to journey on the transatlantic voyage known as the Middle Passage because slavery in Africa was more brutal than in the Americas. b. Widespread racist beliefs that viewed Africans as “beasts of burden” rather than human beings helped bring about and perpetuate the transatlantic voyage known as the Middle Passage. c. Only a couple of European nations—England and Spain—actively participated in running the Middle Passage and owned “slave forts” in Africa. d. The Middle Passage was a deceptively pleasant experience in which enslaved Africans had a great deal of room and freedom compared to what they would experience in the Americas. e. The Middle Passage was a unique trade route in that it focused on enslaved peoples and remained uninfluenced by other types of trade, such as that of rum, clothing, guns, and other goods. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: Page 89 OBJ: 2.4 TOP: Slavery in the Colonies MSC: Evaluating By the early eighteenth century, the English colonies in North America a. extended beyond the Appalachians. b. had eliminated their French and Spanish rivals. c. were the most populous and prosperous on the continent. d. were on the verge of independence from England. e. remained tiny outposts of civilization. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Page 90 OBJ: 2.5 TOP: Thriving Colonies MSC: Understanding What was one of the significant effects geography had on the British colonies leading into the eighteenth century? a. Mountainous terrain and other geographical barriers such as rivers made it so that the English colonies would be highly spread apart from one another and, thus, ensured that Puritans would have