Chapter 2 Plant Structure and Function, Summaries of Anatomy

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ARBORICULTURE INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF LANDSCAPE TREES, SHRUBS, AND VINES 4 TH EDITION

Chapter 2

Plant Structure and Function

Kristina Salzman

Mechanical design of trees

y

Evenly distribute stress along surfaces

y

No overloaded or under loaded points overtime

y

Active cambium growth in response to stress

y

Internal anatomy directly related to strength

y

Tree growth reveals stress pattern

Leaf cross-section

Tree Crown Excurrent vs Decurrent Sweet gum White ash

Crown y Shoots y Buds { Definition { Arrangement y Shoot elongation { Spurs { Watersprouts vs suckers { Patterns of shoot elongation^ Ù Periodicity Ù Apical dominance

Ecotomycorrhizal root tips

Tree Trunk cross-section

Trunk

y Taper y Movement y Unidirectionalshading of tree y Reaction wood { Tension wood vscompression wood { Dry vs in live state

Compartmentalization

y Barriers orcompartmentsformed around decay y CODIT { Wall 1 { Wall 2 { Wall 3 { Wall 4

Decay y

Variable y Stages { Incipient { Early { Intermediate { Advanced y Two ways { White rots { Brown rots

Branch attachment

y Biological(transport) vsmechanical (growth) y Branch collar y Included bark