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Chapter 2 Test Review, Summaries of Communication

University of Washington (UW) - SeattleCommunication

Neural Communication. • (a)Dendrite. – the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the (b)cell body.

Typology: Summaries

2022/2023

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Unit III, Modules 9-13 Test
Review
•See also the Unit III notes and pages 76-122
•About 45 m.c., plus two essays; one on brain
functioning, the other review concepts from
previous units.
•Some practice questions are embedded in this
presentation
•Other practice questions are available at the
textbook website and in the textbook after each
module.
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Download Chapter 2 Test Review and more Summaries Communication in PDF only on Docsity!

Unit III, Modules 9-13 Test

Review

  • See also the Unit III notes and pages 76-
  • About 45 m.c., plus two essays; one on brain

functioning, the other review concepts from

previous units.

  • Some practice questions are embedded in this

presentation

  • Other practice questions are available at the

textbook website and in the textbook after each

module.

Neuron

Order of a transmission: dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse (see arrow below)

Neural Communication

  • (a)Dendrite
    • the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the (b)cell body
  • (c)Axon
    • the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages are sent to other neurons or to muscles or glands
  • Myelin [MY-uh-lin] Sheath
    • a layer of fatty cells segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons
    • makes possible vastly greater transmission speed of neutral impulses,
    • Damage to can lead to Multiple sclerosis

Neural Communication

  • Action Potential
    • a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon; DEPOLARIZED
    • generated by the movement of positively charges atoms in and out of channels in the axon’s membrane
  • Threshold
    • the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Practice question

  • Multiple sclerosis is a disease that is most

directly associated with the degeneration of:

a. the myelin sheath.

b. the pituitary gland.

c. endorphins.

d. dendrites.

Myelin Sheath

  • a layer of fatty cells segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons
  • makes possible vastly greater transmission speed of neutral impulses,
  • Damage to can lead to Multiple sclerosis

Interneurons

  • carried the information to your brain
  • Interneurons in your brain interpreted the

info: “Hey someone squeezed my

shoulder!”

  • Interneurons connect the other two

neurons

Interneuron Neuron (Unipolar)

Motor neurons

  • carried the command for your hand to

squeeze the shoulder of the person in front

of you.

  • Motor Neurons carry outgoing

information from the CNS to muscles

and glands.

Motor Neuron (Multipolar)

Kinds of Neurons, 62

Sensory Neurons carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS. Motor Neurons carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands. Interneurons connect the two neurons.

Sensory Neuron (Bipolar)

Interneuron Neuron (Unipolar)

Motor Neuron (Multipolar)

Refractory Period & Pumps, 56

Refractory Period: After a neuron fires an action potential it pauses for a short period to recharge itself to fire again.

Sodium-Potassium Pumps: Sodium-potassium pumps pump positive ions out from the inside of the neuron, making them ready for another action potential.

Action Potential, 55 A neural impulse. A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon and is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon’s membrane.

Action Potential Properties

All-or-None Response: When the depolarizing current exceeds the threshold, a neuron will fire. If the depolarizing current fails to exceed the threshold, a neuron will not fire.

Intensity of an action potential remains the same throughout the length of the axon.

Neurotransmitters: chemical

messengers released into synapse

Reuptake: Prozac effects prevention of for serotonin

Neurotransmitters in the synapse are reabsorbed into the sending neurons through the process of reuptake.

This process applies the brakes on neurotransmitter action.