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Aquatic Ecosystems
Marine (saltwater) open-water coastal Freshwater lotic - flowing water (rivers/streams) lentic - nonflowing water (ponds/lakes/wetlands) TERM 2
Lakes
DEFINITION 2 inland depressions containing standing water (lentic)Lake origin: glacial erosion/deposition formed when sediment and debris dam up behind them shifts in the earth's crust beaver dam, human created dams, quarries and surface mines TERM 3
Lake Stratification
DEFINITION 3 Littoral Zone: shallow water zone in which light reaches the bottom Limnetic Zone : open water that extends to the depth of light penetration (habitat of zooplankton and nekton - free swimming) Profundal Zone : beyond the depth of effective light penetration and is marked by the compensation depth of light Benthic Zone : bottom region that is the primary place of decomposition TERM 4
Littoral Zone
DEFINITION 4 shallow water zone in which light reaches the bottom TERM 5
Limnetic Zone
DEFINITION 5 open water that extends to the depth of light penetration (habitat of zooplankton and nekton - free swimming organism)
Profundal Zone
beyond the depth of effective light penetration and is marked by the compensation depth of light TERM 7
Benthic Zone
DEFINITION 7 bottom region that is the primary place of decomposition TERM 8
Lakes and Nutrients
DEFINITION 8 Eutrophic Lake : a high surface-to-volume ratioe and is surrounded by nutrient-rich deciduous forest and farmland relatively shallow (Great Lakes) Oligotrophic Lake : a low surface- to-volume ratio and the water receives little nutrient input relatively deep (locnus) Dystrophic Lake : recieves large amount of organic matter, particularly in the form of humic materials TERM 9
Eutrophic Lake
DEFINITION 9 a high surface-to-volume ratioe and is surrounded by nutrient-rich deciduous forest and farmland relatively shallow (Great Lakes) TERM 10
Oligotrophic Lake
DEFINITION 10 a low surface-to-volume ratio and the water receives little nutrient input relatively deep (locnus)
Mesopelagic Zone
little light penetrates and a more even temperature gradient TERM 17
Bathypelagic Zone
DEFINITION 17 where darkness is virtually complete (except for bioluminescence)water pressure is greattemperature very low TERM 18
Abyssopelagic Zone
DEFINITION 18 contains the very deep benthic communities near the bottom of oceansto the sea floor TERM 19
Hadalpelagic Zone
DEFINITION 19 Includes the areas found in deep-sea trenches and canyons TERM 20
Hydrothermal Vents
DEFINITION 20 occur along volcanic ridges in the ocean floorformed when cold seawater flows down through cracks in the basaltic lava floor white smokers - rich in zinc sulfides black smokers - rich in copper sulfidesprimary producers: chemosynthetic bacteria (oxide sulfur = energy)primary consumers: giant clams, mussels, worms that filter/graze
Coral Reefs
accumulation of dead skeletal material built up by carbonate- secreting organismssymbiotic relationship with corals and algaeneed: shallow, clear, warm water, with little nutrientsanimals are protected with: spikes, toxins, camouflage, danger colors, body shapes, coverage TERM 22
Coral Growth
DEFINITION 22 Massive (ex. brain and boulder) Branching (Elkhorn and Staghorn) Columnar (pillar) Encrusting (star) Foliaceous (massive leaf) Free-Living (golf ball) TERM 23
Types of Coral Reefs
DEFINITION 23 Fringing Reefs : grow seaward from the rocky shores of islands and continents Barrier Reefs : parallel shorelines of continents and island and are seperated from land by shallow lagoons Atolls : rings of coral reefs and islands surrounding a lagoon, formed when a volcanic mountain subsides beneath the surface TERM 24
Ocean
Productivity
DEFINITION 24 Controlled by: seasonal breakdown of the thermocline and subsequent turnover upwelling of deeper nutrient-rich waters to the surface TERM 25
Ocean
Productivity
DEFINITION 25 coastal regions exhibit the highest productivity open waters are low in productivity arctic oceans have low productivity antaractic waters have high productivity (upwelling) temperate ocean productivity is related to seasonal variation in nutrient supply
