Understanding Cell Organelles: Their Functions and Role in Cellular Processes, Lecture notes of Art

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Chapter 3, Section 2

Looking Inside Cells

Organelles

Small structures within

the cell that carry out

specific functions

Think of the cell as a

factory!

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Mitochondria

• Directs all of the cell’s activities, including reproduction
• “headquarters”
• Includes a gel-like fluid in which many different organelles are found
• A network of passage ways that carries materials from one part of the cell to another
• “carriers”
• Most of the cell’s energy is produced within these rod-shaped organelles
• “energy”

Ribosomes

Golgi bodies

• These small structures function as factories to produce proteins
• May be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or float freely in the cytoplasm
• “protein”
• They receive materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and send them to other parts of the cell
• They also release materials outside of the cell
• “transport”

Table Talk: Tell your partner what

gives plants their green color.

Table Talk: Plant cells differ from

animal cells in 4 ways. What are they?

Animal cells have lysosomes; plant cells do not. Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not. Plant cells have chloroplasts.

Cell diversity The variety of structure in

cells reflects differences in

cell functions

Red blood cell

Nerve cell

Skin cell Muscle cells (^) See BrainPop “Cell Structures” end