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base stacking
a phenomenon of DNA base-pair interaction that rotates the base pairs around a central axis of symmetry and imparts twisting to the double helix TERM 2
clamp loader
DEFINITION 2 a multiprotein complex that pairs with DNA polymerase and the sliding clamp during the replication TERM 3
bidirectional
DEFINITION 3 the standard method of DNA replication that synthesizes new DNA in both directions from a replication origin TERM 4
dNTP
DEFINITION 4 deoxynucleotide triphosphatesA, G, C, T TERM 5
ddNTP
DEFINITION 5 rare nucleotides absent oxygen molecules from 2' to 3' carbons that are most commonly used in dideoxynucleotide DNA sequence
DNA
Ligase
an enzyme active in DNA replication that joins together Okazaki fragments TERM 7
DNA proofreading
DEFINITION 7 the capacity of many types of DNA polymerase to utilize 3' to 5' exonuclease activity to remove and replace mismatched or damaged nucleotides during replication TERM 8
helicase
DEFINITION 8 the enzyme responsible for breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides of a DNA duplex. unwinding of the strands occurs ahead of the advancing replication fork TERM 9
lagging strand
DEFINITION 9 the discontinuously synthesized strand whose Okazaki fragmentsare ligated to complete new strand synthesis TERM 10
leading strand
DEFINITION 10 the continuously synthesized strand
primase
the specialized RNA polymerase that synthesizes that RNA primer during RNA replication TERM 17
replication bubble
DEFINITION 17 a region of active bidirectional DNA replication containing replication forks on each end, an origin of replication in the middle, and leading and lagging strand of DNA TERM 18
replication fork
DEFINITION 18 the site of the replisome structure, and the site of synthesis of leading strand and lagging strand TERM 19
replisome
DEFINITION 19 the large molecular machine located at the replication fork that coordinates multiple reaction steps during DNA replication TERM 20
RNA primer
DEFINITION 20 in DNA replication, the short, single-stranded RNA segment synthesized by primase. The 3' end of the RNA primer is used by DNA polymerase to begin synthesis of DNA
SSB
Single-stranded binding proteina protein that adheres to each template strand following unwinding by helicase to prevent strand reannealing before the arrival of the replication fork TERM 22
sliding clamp
DEFINITION 22 in bacterial DNA replication, the multisubunit protein complex that joins DNA polymerase to hold polymerase on the template and helps drive polymerase along the template TERM 23
sugar-phosphate backbone
DEFINITION 23 the alternating sugar and phosphate molecule pattern of nucleic acid strands formed by the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking nucleotides int he strand TERM 24
supercoiled DNA
DEFINITION 24 the superhelical twisting of covalently closed circular DNA TERM 25
telomerase
DEFINITION 25 the ribonucleoprotein complex whose RNA component provides a template used to synthesize repeating DNA fragments that form chromosome telomeres
