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BH$mB© … 8 (A) {Ìe§Hw$ ~oMmam! - h[ae§H$a nagmB©
AZwH«$_
8.1. CX²Xoí` &
8.2 àñVmdZm &
8.3 {df` {ddoMZ &
8.3.1. h[ae§H$a nagmB© H$m n[aM& 8.3.2. "{Ìe§Hw$ ~oMmam'! H$hmZr H$m n[aM & 8.3.3. "{Ìe§Hw$ ~oMmam'! H$hmZr H$m Ame` Ÿ&
8.4 ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ &
8.5. nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, eãXmW©Ÿ&
8.6 ñd`§ AÜ``Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Ÿ&
8.7 gmam§e Ÿ&
8.8 ñdmÜm &
8.9. joÌrH$m© Ÿ&
8.10 A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE Ÿ&
8.1 CX²Xoí` $$:
Bg H$hmZr Ho$ AÜ``Z Ho$ ~mX Amn
짽H$ma h[ae§H$a nagmB© Or go n[a{MV hm|Jo Ÿ&
짽mË_H$ H$hmZr boIZ àH$ma Ho$ ~mao _| OmZ|Jo Ÿ&
à»mV Ed§ à{V{ð>V gm{hËH$ma h[ae§H$a nagmB© Or Ho$ ì`pŠVËd Am¡a H¥${VËd go n[a{MV hm|Jo &
AmO Ho$ g_mO Ho$ _ÜdJ© H$s pñW{V ~S>r ^mdh h¡, Bggo n[a{MV hm|Jo Ÿ&
_hmZJam| _| H$mZ H$s gñm {H$VZr ^mdh h¡, BgHo$ ~mao _| OmZ|Jo Ÿ&
8.2 àñVmdZm :
h[ae§H$a nagmB© AmYw{ZH$ qhXr gm{hËHo$ gdm©{YH$ geŠV 짽H$ma Ho$ ê$n _| à{V{ð>V h¡§Ÿ& do qhXr Ho$ nhbo aMmZmH$ma h¢ {OÝhm|Zo 짽H$mo {dYm H$m XOm© {Xbmm Am¡a Cgoo hëHo$-\w$ëHo$ _Zmoa§OZ H$s naånamJV n[a{Y go C~maH$a g_mO Ho$ ìmnH$ àíZm| go OmoS>mŸ& CÝhm|Zo AmnZo {bE {dYm Ho$ ê$n _| àm: {Z~§Y m H$hmZr H$mo MwZm h¡Ÿ& H$hmZr CZHo$ {bE Am¡a ^r ÁmXm AZwHy$b ahr h¡Ÿ& AmO H$s gm{hpËH$, amOZr{VH$, e¡{jH$, Am{W©H$ qOXJr H$m H$moB© H$moUm Zht Omo CZH$s 짽mË_H$ n¡Zr Ñ{ï> go ANy>Vm ah Jm h¡ & CZH$s 짽 H$hm{Zm± h_mao _Z _| JwXJwXr hr n¡Xm Zht H$aVr ~pëH$ h_| CZ gm_m{OH$ dmñV{dH$VmAm| Ho$ gm_Zo IS>m H$aVr h¡§, {OZgo {H$gr ^r à~wX²Y nmR>H$ H$m AbJ ah nmZm bJ^J Ag§^d h¡Ÿ& gm_m{OH$ nmI§S> Am¡a ê${T>dmXr OrdZ _yëm| H$s {I„r CS>mVo hþE CÝhmo§Zo gX¡d {ddoH$ Am¡a {dkmZ gå_V X¥{ï> H$mo gH$mamË_H$ ê$n _| àñVwV {H$m h¡Ÿ& nagmB© Or AnZo boIZ H$mo EH$ gm_m{OH$ H$_© Ho$ ê$n _| nm[a^m[fV H$aVo h¡¢ & CÝhm|Zo gm_m{OH$ Am¡a amOZr{VH$ OrdZ _| ìmßV ^«ï>mMma Ed§ emofU na H$amam 짽 {H$m h¡ Omo {h§Xr 짽-gm{hË _| AZyR>m h¡Ÿ& nagmB© Or H$s ^mfm-e¡br | Img {H$ñ H$m AnZmnm h¡, {Oggo nmR>H$ CZH$s H$hm{Zm°± nT>Zo Ho$ {bE bmbm{V hmo CR>Vm h¡Ÿ&
8.3 {df` {ddoMZ :
8.3.1 h[ae§H$a nagmB© H$m n[aM: qhXr Ho$ à{gX²Y boIH$ Am¡a 짽H$ma h[ae§H$a nagmB© H$m OÝ_ O_mZr Zm_H$ Jm§d, {Obm hmoe§Jm~mX _Ü àXoe _| 22 AJñV, 1922 _§o hþAm & nagmB© H$m n[adma gm_mÝ_ÜdJuWm & O~ nagmB© _¡{Q´>H$ nT> aho Wo V~ CZH$s _m± H$s _¥Ëw hmo JB©Ÿ& {nVmOr AgmÜ~r_mar go nr{S>V WoŸ& JhZ Am{W©H$ A^mdm| Ho$ ~rM nm[adm[aH$ {Oå_oXm[am± CZ na Am nS>r Ÿ& OrdZ H$m g§Kf© H$aVo H$aVo AmJo nT>Vo ahoŸ& ZmJnwa {díd{dX²mb go qhXr | E. E.H$s Cnm{Y àmßV H$sŸ& {$a "{S>ßbmo_m BZ Q>rqMJ' ^r {H$mŸ& 18 df© H$s C_« _| O§Jb {d^mJ _| Zm¡H$ar H$s {\$a I§S>dm _| 6 _hrZo AÜmnZ {H$mŸ& Xmo df© O~bnwa _| ñnog Q´>oqZJ H$m{bO _| {ejH$ H$s Cnm{Y brŸ& gZ² 1943 B©. go dhr _m±S>b hmB©ñHy$b _| AÜmnZ {H$m Ÿ& gZ² 1953 go 1957 B©. VH$ àmBdoQ> ñHy$bm| _| Zm¡H$ar H$s Ÿ& gZ² 1957 B©. _| Zm¡H$ar N>moS>H$a ñdV§Ì boIZ H$s ewê$AmV H$sŸ& gZ² 1956 go 1958 B©. VH$ O~bnwa go "dgwYm' Zm_H$ gm{hpËH$ n{ÌH$m H$m àH$meZ-g§nmXZ {H$m qH$Vw Am{W©H$ H${R>ZmBm| Ho$ H$maU CgHo$ àH$meZ H$mo ñW{JV H$aZm nS>mŸ& AZoH$ nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| _| dfm©|§ VH$ ñV§^ {bIo, O¡go-ZB© Xw{Z`m
Xodm| Zo Cgo dhm± go {ZH$mb {Xm Am¡a BYa {díd{_Ì Zo Cgo n¥Ïdr na Zht AmZo {Xm Am¡a dh ~rM _| hr CbQ>m bQ>H$m h¡Ÿ& Bg H$hmZr | Am AmX_r H$s Am[W©H$ pñW{V H$m {MÌU 짽nyU© Ñ{ï> go {H$m Jm h¡Ÿ&
8.3.3 "{Ìe§Hw$ ~oMmam !' H$hmZr H$m Ame` :
EH$ N>moQ>o-goo ñHy$b | nT>mZodmbm {Ìe§Hw$ Zm H$m AmX_r, {H$gr eha Ho$ EH$ J§Xo _whëbo _| EH$ N>moQ>o go H$ƒo _H$mZ _| ahVm WmŸ& dh ha MrO go Ag§Vmof ìŠV H$aVm Wm, na§Vw g~go A{YH$ {eH$mV CgH$mo$ _H$mZ go WrŸ& CgHo$ OrdZ H$s g~go ~S>r A{^bmfm Wr {H$ dh AÀN>o _wh„| _|, AÀN>o _H$mZ _| ahoŸ& _H$mZ-_m{bH$m| Ho$ ~oQ>o CgHo$ ñHy$b _| nT>Vo WoŸ& dh CZgo ~hþV ßma H$aVm Wm Vm{H$ H$moB© _H$mZ _m{bH$ àgÞ hmoH$a CÝh| AÀN>m _H$mZ {Xbdm XoJm Ÿ& Cgr eha _| {dídm{_Ì Zm_ Ho$ EH$ a|Q>-H$ÝQ´>moba ahVo Wo, Omo _H$mZm| Ho$ {H$amo na {Z§ÌU aIVo Wo Am¡a Imbr _H$mZ {H$amoXmam| H$mo XoVo WoŸ& CZH$m bS>H$m {Ìe§Hw$ H$s H$jm | nT>Vm Wm, {Oggo {Ìe§Hw$ ~hþV ßma H$aVo WoŸ& {dídm{_Ì H$m bS>H$m nT>mB© _| VoO Zht Wm {\$a ^r {Ìe§Hw$ H$s nT>mB© go nmg hmo JmŸ& {dídm{Ì ~hþV àgÞ hþE Am¡a {Ìe§Hw$ go H$hm {H$ Vwåho Omo Mm{hE m§J bmoŸ& {Ìe§Hw$ Bg gH$m ~hþV {XZm| go B§VOma H$a ahm Wm na§Vw AnZr A{^bmfm H$mo Nw>nmH$a H$hZo bJo {H$ CgZo Vmo AnZm H$V©ì {Z^mm h¡Ÿ& Bg na {dídm{_Ì Zo H$hm {H$ AmnZo bS>Ho$ H$mo nT>mB©-{bImB© Ho$ {gdmh A_yë{dX²m ^r {gImB© h¡, AmnH$m wP na F$U h¡, Bg{bE Vw Hw$N> _m§J bmoŸ& {Ìe§Hw$ Zo AnZr H$mZ H$s A{^bmfm CZHo$ gm_Zo aIrŸ& {dídm{Ì gmoM _| nS> JE, ~mobo {H$ {Ìe§Hw$ Zo H${R>Z _m§J H$a Xr h¡ Šm| {H$ eha _| _H$mZm| H$m ~ohX A^md h¡, dh AJa _H$mZ H$s OJh Xoe ^r _m§J boVo Vmo ^r H$moB© H${R>ZmB© Zht Wr & {\$a ^r {dídm{_Ì Zo _H$mZ _m{bH$ B§ÐOr H$mo \$moZ bJmm Am¡a eha Ho$ g~go AÀN>oo _wh„o _| CgHo$ {bE H$mZ VH$a {XmŸ& h _wh„m eha H$m g~go gw§Xa _wh„m H$hbmm OmVm Wm, {OgH$m Zm Wm "ñdJ©nwar' {Ogo {g{db bmBÝg ^r H$hVo h¢Ÿ& dhm± B§ÐXod Ho$ H$B© H$mZ h¢Ÿ& B§ÐXod nhbo bmoH$-H$© {d^mJ _| B§Or{Za Wo, AdH$me àmßV hmoZo na CZHo$ nmg n§Ðh- ~rg _H$mZ Wo, Omo {H$amo na Mb aho WoŸ&
{Ìe§Hw$ Ho$ _Z | H$B© gdmb {Z_m©U hþE {H$ [H$amm {H$VZm hmoJm? ñdJ©nwar H$s Xw{Zm Cggo {^Þ Wr Bg{bE {Ìe§Hw$ CÝh| àe§gm Am¡a ^go XoIVm Wm Ÿ& CgZo ñdJ©nwar _| ahZo Am¡a gwI nmZo Ho$ gnZo XoIo Wo na§Vw A~ _Z _| Xw{dYm n¡Xm hmo JB©Ÿ& gmoMZo bJm, do dhm± H¡$go ah§ooJoŸ& do bmoJ Cgo dhm± ahZo ^r H¡$go X|oJo? dhm± Om{V hr Xygar h¡Ÿ& {dídm{_Ì Zo H$hm {H$ Zm g_Pr H$s ~mV _V H$amo,dhm± _H$mZ {_bZm ~S>o gm¡^m½ H$s ~mV h¡o, gm¡^m½H$mo Rw>H$am _V, S>amo _V, B§ÐOr Cgo hmW OmoS>H$a _H$mZ X|JoŸ& {\$a ^r {Ìe§Hw$ H$m _Z dhm± OmZo go S>a ahm Wm Šm| {H$ Cgo bJ ahm Wm {H$ dhm± Ho$ bmoJ Cgo gXoh ñdrH$ma Zht H$a|Jo Ÿ& {dídm{Ì H$m VoO OmJ«V hmo Jm, CR>H$a IS>o hmo JE Am¡a A{^_mZ Ho$ gmW ~mobo {H$ H$moB© ^r _H$mZ-_m{bH$ CZH$s ~mV Q>mb Zht gH$Vm Šm|{H$$ do
~rg ~ag go a|Q>-H$ÝQ´>moba H$m H$m_ H$aVo Am aho h¢Ÿ& CZH$m H$hZm Wm {H$ do {Ìe§Hw$ H$mo ñdJ©nwar _| hr ~gm|Jo Am¡a dMZny{V© H$a|JoŸ& {dídm{_Ì Zo gbmh Xr {H$ AmO 31 VmarI h¡,h _H$mZ AmO hr Imbr H$a Xmo, daZm H$b _H$mZ-_m{bH$ EH$ _mh H$m {H$am`m aIm boJm,qMVm Z H$aVo hþE B§ÐOr Ho$ nmg OmZo Am¡a S>oam S>mbZo H$r ~mV H$hrŸ&
{Ìe§Hw$ {dídm{Ì H$s ~mV mZH$a em H$mo EH$ R>obo na gm_mZ bmXH$a B§ÐOr Ho$ ~§Jbo nh±þM JEŸ& B§ÐOr Ho$ ìdhma go CZH$m _mWm Ja_ hþAm Am¡a CÝh| bJm {H$ do EH$ {^Imar h¡§ Am¡a CÝh| AmJo ~T>Zo H$s {hXmV Xr Om ahr h¡Ÿ& {$a ^r CÝhm|Zo B§ÐOr go H$hm {H$ do CZHo$ H$mZ | ahZo Ho$ {bE AmE h¢& nhbo Vmo B§ÐOr H$mo bJm {H$ {Ìe§Hw$ {H$gr ~S>o AmX_r H$m Zm¡H$a h¡ na§Vw nVm MbZo na {M„mH$a H$hm {H$ CZHo$ hm± {g\©$ ear\$ AmX_r hr ah gH$Vo h¢, {Ìe§Hw$ O¡go {^I_§Jo, {OZHo$ nmg _moQ>a, Q´>m§{OñQ>a goQ>, ao\$[aOaoQ>a, gmo\$mgoQ> Zht h¡, dohm± Zht ah gH$VoŸ& {OZHo$ ~ƒo npãbH$ ñHy$b | nT>Vo h§¡, {OÝh| H¡$ŠQ>g Ho$ ~hþV àH$ma mbw h¡, m Omo AmX_r Šb~ _| OmVm h¡, dhr {g\©$ CZHo$hm± ahZo bmH$ h¡Ÿ& O~ {Ìe§Hw$ Zo {dídm{_Ì H$s nhMmZ ~VmB© Vmo B§ÐOr MrIH$a ~mobo {H$ {dídm{_Ì O¡go ~rgm| a|Q>-H$ÝQ´>mobH$a CgHo$hm± nS>o h§¡, H$b hr CZH$m V~mXbm H$adm Xÿ±Jm, {dídm{Ì H$m ~mn ^r CZHo$ hm± Zht ah gH$Vm, CÝhm|Zo _H$mZm| H$mo AZmWmb g_P aIm h¡Ÿ& O~ {dídm{Ì H$mo Jmbr nS>r Vmo {Ìe§Hw$ Zo R>obm bm¡Q>m`m Am¡a grYo {dídm{Ì Ho$ ~§Jbo nhw±M JEŸ& hH$sH$V ~VmB©, {dídm{Ì H$s Am±I§o bmb hmo JB© & {Ìe§Hw$ go H$hm {H$ B§X« Ho$ ~ƒo H$mo H$b XoI b°y§Jm, EH$ amV Vw_ H$ht H$mQ> bmo, do H$b CÝh| B§ÐOr H$m hr _H$mZ {XbmE§JoŸ&
{Ìe§Hw$ Zo hmW OmoS>H$a H$hm {H$ dh B§ÐOr Ho$ _H$mZ | ahZm Zht MmhVm h¡ Šm| {H$ do bmoJ ~S>o O§Jbr h¡§Ÿ& na§Vw {dídm{_Ì Zo H$hm {H$ A~ Cgo dhm± hr ahZm h¡ Šm| {H$ gdmb H$mZ H$m Z hmoH$a n«{Vð>m H$m ~Z Jm h¡Ÿ& O~ {Ìe§Hw Zo ~hwV hr {d{ZV ñda _| H$hm {H$ do A~ ñdJ©nwar _| Zhr§ ah|Jo, do AnZo nhbodmbo _H$mZ _| hr ahZm MmhVo h¢Ÿ& {Ìe§Hw$ _H$mZ H$s Amoa _wS>o Vmo {dídm{_Ì Zo H$hm {H$ Vw_ dhm± H¡$go ah gH$Vo hmo? dh _H$mZ Vmo AmO Xygao H$mo AbmQ> H$a {Xm h¡ Ÿ& {Ìe§Hw$ Zo O~ Bg ~mV H$mo gwZm Vmo CZH$s Am±Im| Ho$ gm_Zo WmoS>r Xoa VH$ Xw{Z`m Jmob-Jmob Ky_Vr ahrŸ& {Ìe§Hw$ gS>H$ na AmE Am¡a R>obm boH$a EH$ Y©embm H$s Va$ Mb nS>o; V~ go {Ìe§Hw$ Y©embm _| hr nS> hþE h§¡Ÿ&$
8.4 ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ :
- "{Ìe§Hw$ ~oMmam'! h[ae§H$a nagmB© Or H$s ì
§½mË_H$ ..........h¡Ÿ& - {Z~§Y 2. H$hmZr 3. g§ñ_aU 4. EH$m§H$s
- {Ìe§Hw$ H$s g~go ~S>r A{^bmfm EH$ AÀN>o..............H$s WrŸ&
- YZr g§nÞ bmoJm| X²dmam Am_ AmX_r H$m emofU {H$g àH$ma {H$
m OmVm h¡, BgH$m CXmhaUh H$hmZr h¡Ÿ& - Cƒ dJ© Ho$ bmoJ AmX_r go (_mZdVm) Á
mXm AnZr PyR>r à{Vð>m H$mo _hÎd XoVo h¢, BgH$m ^§S>m\$moS> Bg H$hmZr X²dmam {H$m J`m h¡Ÿ& - _Ü
dJ© H$mo EH$ AmX_r H$m ^r XOm© Zhr§ {Xm Om ahm h¡, Cgo new go ^r ~XVa _mZm Om ahm h¡Ÿ& - Am_ AmX_r H¡$go ~oghmam hmoVm h¡, BgH$m AÀN>m CXmhaU `h H$hmZr h¡Ÿ&
8.8 ñdmÜm :
- "{Ìe§Hw$ ~oMmam'! H$hmZr H$m Ame` {b{IE Ÿ&
- "{Ìe§Hw$ ~oMmam'! H$hmZr _| {M{ÌV H$mZ H$s gñ`m H$m {ddoMZ H$s{OE &
- "_Ü
dJ©' H$s Am{W©H$ ~ohmbr H$m {MÌU H$aZm {Ìe§Hw$ ~oMmam H$hmZr H$m CX²Xoí h¡Ÿ- ñnï> H$s{OEŸ& - "{Ìe§Hw$ ~oMmam'! erf©H$ H$s gmW©H$Vm &
- "{Ìe§Hw$ ~oMmam'! H$hmZr H$m CX²Xoí` Ÿ&
8.9 joÌrH$m© :
- _hmZJar
OrdZ _| a|Q>-H§$Q´>moba H$s H$m© nX²Y{V H$mo g_PmZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a|Ÿ& - "{Ìe§Hw ~oMmam'! H$hmZr H$m EH$m§H$s _| ê$nm§VaU H$aHo$ IobZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s{OEŸ&
8.10 A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE -
- nagmB© aMZmdbr IÊS> (bKw H$WmË_H$ ì
§½ aMZmE±) - nagmB© H$m ì
§½ gm{hË- g§Üm Hw$_mar qgh - ì
§½H$ma h[ae§H$a nagmB© - S>m°. ^aV nQ>ob - h[ae§H$a nagmB© - _wŠV kmZH$mof {dH$snr{S>`m
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