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Download Understanding DNA Replication: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Genetics in PDF only on Docsity!
DNA replication is...
semiconservative
TERM 2
2 _ strands unwind and each serves as a _ for
a new DNA molecule
DEFINITION 2
nucleotide template
TERM 3
following synthesis of new strands, each
parental strand link with a new strand in a
complimentary fashion
DEFINITION 3
semiconservative
TERM 4
each parental strand goes though a cleavage
process followed by reforming all of the
strands together
DEFINITION 4
disperive
TERM 5
each strand consists of both old and new DNA
DEFINITION 5
dispersive
In semiconservative replication, as
replications increase, hyrid numbers go _ and
new DNA strand number go _.
hybrid down new DNA up
TERM 7
3 requirments of replication
DEFINITION 7
1. a template strand consitsing of single stranded DNA 2.
substrates to be assembled into a new nucleotide strand 3.
eznzymes and other proteins that "read" the template and
assemble the subtrates into a DNA molecule
TERM 8
substrate used in DNA synthesis
is...
DEFINITION 8
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTPs) - deoxyribose
sugar - nitrogenous base - 3 phosphates
DIDEOXYNUCLEOTIDE
TERM 9
The _ group on the nucleotide strand attacks
the _ group of the incoming dNTP.
DEFINITION 9
3 OH attacks 5'PO
TERM 10
During formation of new phosphodiester bond
between _, 2 _ are cleaved.
DEFINITION 10
nucleotides phosphates
3. Replication only occurs with _____
DNA.
single stranded
TERM 17
4. Replication always occurs in the _ -> _
direction; new synthesis
DEFINITION 17
TERM 18
5. Replication is ____ discontinous=____ strand
continouous=___strand
DEFINITION 18
semiconservative lagging strand leading strand
TERM 19
In DNA synthesis, new nucleotides are joined
one at a time to the _ end of the newly
synthesized strand.
DEFINITION 19
3' end
TERM 20
enzyme that synthesize
DNA
DEFINITION 20
DNA polymerase
leading strand
continous replication old strand is 3-5 so new strand can
synthesize 5-3 "correct"
TERM 22
where the two strands of old DNA are
unwinding
DEFINITION 22
replication fork
TERM 23
leading strand goes towards/away from
replication fork
DEFINITION 23
towards
TERM 24
lagging strand
DEFINITION 24
discontinous replication old stand is 5-3 so new strand is 3-
>5 "opposite"
TERM 25
lagging strand replicated towards/away
replicaiton fork
DEFINITION 25
away
enzymes that breaks hydrogen bonds and
moves the replication fork
DNA helicase
TERM 32
enzyme that reduces the supercoiling of
DNA
DEFINITION 32
DNA gyrase
TERM 33
DNA gyrase is also a ____
DEFINITION 33
topoisomerase
TERM 34
DNA gyrase rellieves strain ahead/behind the
replication fork
DEFINITION 34
AHEAD
TERM 35
enzyme that lays down an RNA
primer
DEFINITION 35
primase
Primase synthesizes short stretches of
nucleotides, or _ to get DNA replication
started.
primers
TERM 37
DNA polymerases require a nucleotide with a
_ group to which a new nucleotide can be
added.
DEFINITION 37
3' OH
TERM 38
enzyme that binds RNA primer at 3'OH and
makes new strands
DEFINITION 38
DNA polymerase
TERM 39
On leading strand an RNA primer is required...
DEFINITION 39
only at the 5 end of the newly synethesized strand
TERM 40
On the lagging strand RNA primer is
required...
DEFINITION 40
at the begining of each Okazaki fragment
Describe DNA Pol I
5-3 poly YES3-5exon YES 5-3poly YES removes and replaces
primers
TERM 47
Descibe DNA Pol III
DEFINITION 47
5-3poly YES 3-5exon YES 5-3exon NO
TERM 48
removed and replaces primers
DEFINITION 48
DNA Pol I
TERM 49
elongates DNA
DEFINITION 49
DNA Pol III
TERM 50
DNA repair
DEFINITION 50
DNA Pol II, IV, and V
ALL DNA POLYMERASES CAN... (8)
1. synthesize any sequence specified by template strand 2.
synthesize in the 5-3 direction by adding nucleotides to a 3OH
group 3. use dNTPs to synthesize new DNA 4. require primer to
initate synthesis 5. catalyze formation of a phos-bond by joining
the 5PO4 of the incoming nucleotide to the 3OH of the preceeding
nucleltide 6. produce antiparallel and compliementary strands to
the teplate 7. assoicated with other proteins 8. proofreading
TERM 52
_ follows _ using replacing the RNA primers
with DNA nucleotides (dNTP)
DEFINITION 52
DNA Pol I follows DNA Pol III
TERM 53
the nick in the sugar phosphate backbone is
sealed by what enzyme?
DEFINITION 53
DNA ligase
TERM 54
DNA ligase seals the nick with a _ bond bt the
_ and the _.
DEFINITION 54
phosphodiester bond between the 5'PO4 group in the inital
nucleotide and the 3'OH group of the final nucleotide added
by DNA Pol I.
TERM 55
binds to origin and seperates strands of DNA
to initate replication
DEFINITION 55
initiator protein or "licesning proteins"
end of a chormosome contain the presence
of?
telomere many copies of a short repeated sequence 5-
CCCCAA centromere END 3-GGGGTTGGGGTT
TERM 62
telomerase is a ______
DEFINITION 62
ribonucleoprotiein (a protein with an RNA component)
TERM 63
fills in any gaps created at the tips of the 3'
ends of the old DNA strand IN EUKARYOTES
DEFINITION 63
telomerase
TERM 64
What is the human repeat sequence at the
telomere?
DEFINITION 64
5-TTAGGG-3'
TERM 65
_ - _ kb may be lost at each
replication
DEFINITION 65
25-35kb
dideoxynucleotides are important in...
DNA sequencing
