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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents some aspects of this study started from Background of the study, Problem Formulation, Limitation of the study , Objective of the study, Significance of the study, and the last Organization of the study. This chapter will explain those aspects one by one. A. Background of the Study Literature is very useful in life, especially in human emotion. Literature is created by human as a place to express feeling, thought, experience, idea and problem by using language as a tool. It is been mentioned by Welleck and Warren (1993): “Literature as a full creation form, emotion, and expression which designate imaginative ideas through language as media”. In psychological aspect, literature and psychology cannot be separated. They have a bilateral relation because they study about personality and human behavior. Psychology studies human behavior and literature describes human behavior through fiction or literary work. Literary work is connected between literature and psychology. It studies about human beings and describes their inside with all its side. In addition, literary work is the real product of human psychological condition at that time and most of the literary work deals with personality (Emir 49).
Personality is very important thing to discuss, because everyone has personality and everyone can know what, why and how her or his personality is. Personality is a mask used by someone to show his different appearance. Like an actor uses mask in the show, a person also uses mask in real life to cover up his true personality. It is stated by Feist and Feist: The word “personality” originated from the Latin persona , which referred to a theatrical mask worn by Roman actors in Greek dramas. These ancient Roman actors wore a mask (persona) to project a role or false appearance. This surface view of personality, of course, is not an acceptable definition. When psychologists use the term “personality,” they are referring to something more than the role people play. (9) From the quotation above, people's behavior can be seen by their appearance in daily life. According to Schultz and Schultz, “personality is unique, relatively enduring internal and external aspects of a person’s character that influence behavior in different situations” (10). It means that the word personality is used to describe unique identity and impression of a person when meet and see behavior of others. So, personality can be influenced by human behavior to adapt to the environment. Many theories appear to understand about personality, one of them is analytical psychology. It is the theory of personality developed by Carl Gustav
groups” (Daniels 5). The shadow is a personality shown in public but people do not realize it and know it. It can be positive or negative. Jung also discusses about self-realization. Self-realization is the final goal of the finding human’s identity. To have the real personality or identity, a person must balance all aspects of the psyche (Eckert 1 ). Archetypes have the big effect in self-realzation process. Like Feist and Feist’s statement,self-realzation can be achieved by balancing various the opposing power of personality. Jung’s theory is the resume of the opposite thing, such as introvert and ekstrovert, rational and irrational, man and woman, conscious and unsconscious which pushed by the past is called archetype, then the future tries to pull it. So, archetypes have contribution in self-realization process (98). Gone Girl novel by Gillian Flynn is one of the novel in which the main characters, Amy and Nick, show their archetypes, which are shadow and persona. They have been a couple in about five years. People assume that they are a perfect couple but what theyhave shown in public is only pretending. They use persona to survive in social life. Amy is an extrovert woman, even she does not care about others but in particular situation, she becomes an introvert woman and caring about others. She uses persona to defend her popularity. Another side, Nick also uses persona to defend his prestige. In public, he becomes a responsible and faithful man but the real Nick is lazy and liar. Besides, they also show shadow. The example of Amy’s shadows: killing Desi, taking advantages of others and so on. While Nick’s shadow is cheating on Amy even he thinks to kill her.
This study uses Gone Girl novel because there are many shadow and persona found in the novel, especially in the main characters. Through the shadow and the persona, we can know whether Amy and Nick can achieve self-realization or not. This study uses Carl Gustav Jung’s theory to analyze them. Hence, this study entitled shadow and persona in self-realization process of Amy and Nick as the main characters in Gillian Flynn’s Gone Girl: Psychoanalysis Approach. In real life, people also have shadow and persona but he or she does not realize it. Although someone is aware about his shadow and persona, he would not admit it. Through the main characters of the novel, we can understand what and how the shadow, persona and self-realization are. B. Problem Formulation The purpose of this study is to answer the following problems:
- How is the shadow described in Amy and Nick as the main characters of the novel?
- How is the persona of Amy and Nick described as the main characters of the novel?
- Does Amy and Nick finally achieve self-realization through their shadow and persona? C. Limitation of the Study Based on the Background of the study above, this study focuses to analyze the shadow and the persona of the main characters: Amy and Nick in Gone Girl novel. Moreover, this study also analyze the self-realization process of Amy and Nick through their shadow and persona.
The third chapter is Research method, which discusses Object of the study, Type of the research, Data organizing that consists of Data collecting method and Types of the data, and the last Analyzing the data. The fourth chapter is Finding and Discussion. It consists of three subjects. The first subject is the shadow of Amy and Nick. The second subject is persona of Amy and Nick, and the third subject is Nick’s Self-realization. The fifth chapter is conclusion and suggestion. It covers the whole chapter in this study.
