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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the introduction of the study. The introduction of the study contains of backround of the study, problem formulation, limitation of the study, objectives of the study, significances of the study and organization of the study.
A. Background of the Study
Literary theory, since the beginning of 20th century has been developed rapidly. This development equals to the complexity of human life, which then triggers the development of literary genres. In the field of nformation technology progress support the research structure and infrastructure that helps provide overall to convenience in the process its implementation. The main function of literary work is to delineate, reflecting human life, while human life itself is always in progressed. From this relation, required a different genre and also a different theories to understand it. Literature could be a way to deliver message or feeling to people because its express and communicate thought ideas of someone by using words. It align with Albert N.W says that “in literature that the concrete outlook of humanity receives its expression” (143). The concepts is likely imagination, feeling, opinion, or personal experiences, and etc. It is take important role of social and cultural. Literature can be known as the two types those are fiction and non-fiction.
According to Wall Street Journal the example of fiction are poetry, prose and drama; meanwhile the Washington Post says for non-fiction are biography, autobiography, essay and literature critics. (Writingexplained.org) Literary works represented the state and social life of a society, events and ideas, as well as the values that mandated the creator through the characters of the story. A literature questioning human in various aspect of his life, so it is useful to know literary about human, culture, as well as of his time. "Literature provides insight into the minds of other human beings, into the mind of the author and the minds of the character he or she brings to life," (Chamas 1). The relation of literary work with societies, information technology within, and societies interesting towards the benefits of an interdisciplinary research, influence the development of the next of literary theory. Structuralism, which has success entering almost all field of human life, considered one of the modern theory that success to bring the maximum human understanding. In general, the approach of structuralism is a text viewed as a structure that consists of elements which are intertwined and then build wholeness text. Thus, it is understood structural analysis aiming to dismantle and expose in thorough, detail, accurate, with as deep as possible linkages and interwoven with all aspects of the cultural phenomenon that eventually generate a meaning in which “Jameson made an obvious describe search for the permanent structures of the mind itself, the forms which is through his mind is able to have an experience of the world or arrange a
symbol is the way to represent something besides its literal meaning. It can be representing word, figure of speech, event, total action, or character (Fadaee, 2011: 20). In Northrop Frye’s influential Anatomy of Criticism (Princeton, 1957) defined “as any unit of any work of literature which can be isolated for critical attention”. The origin of word comes from the Greek verb symballein it means “to put together” and noun symbolon means “sign” or “token”. Originally, it means “a half-coin which the two parties to an agreement carried away as a pledge for its fullfilment.” (Sons 1) According to Perrine (1974) “a literary symbol is something that means more than what it is. It is an object, a person, a situation, an action, or some other item that has a literal meaning in the story, but suggests or represents other meanings as well”(). So, it needs a closely reading and approach to be analyzed to see the hidden meaning are carrying symbolic meaning. Disscusing about the symbol, a novel To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf has a narration that is closely correlated with the disscusion before and became the main focus that will analyze.
To the Lighthouse novel was published in 1927. Virginia Woolf as the author of the novel presents a story telling about Ramsay family and their visited to Skye island in Scotland among 1910 and 1920. The story contains many symbols as the way to represent the real idea and hiding meaning from it. This is divided into 3 parts; Window, Time Passed, Lighthouse.
First part of the novel, begins with Ramsay family spend their summer in Hebrides, Skye island. James talks to her mother about his desire to go to lighthouse but, Mr. Ramsay refuses. It makes Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay only pacified, this tension coloring the stories especially their relationship. Second part of the novel is about the time that passed quickly, loss, and death. Ten years later after the First World War for four years ended, Mrs. Ramsay died. Mr. Ramsey swayed lonely with his philosophy. He was lonely after his wife left. In the third part of the novel, Mr. Ramsay is visiting the lighthouse with James and Camilla. Spend their time in the ship with Macalister and his son to catching fish. Lily is revived memories of going to Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay, balancing the memories of ten years ago in order to get a proper picture of Mrs. Ramsay and life it. The ways of Virginia Woolf storing To the Lighthouse novel becomes interesting story to be investigated in this discussion. This study will analyze the symbolic word that can reflect the literal meaning and cultural meaning behind that to represent the truth meaning of the novel. To understand the story we need to see more closely by the symbols that appears in the novel. To analyze the story, this study uses Symbolic Structuralism Levi-Strauss that reflected in To the Lighthouse Novel.
E. Significance of the Study
This study is useful to the student of Sultan Agung Islamic University especially English literature department. It becomes the reference to find out the Symbolic Structuralism and how to analyze it using literary work, novel in particular.
F. Organization of the Study
This study is organized in three chapters. Each chapter will discuss different matter as follows: chapter one provides introduction that consist of: background of the study, problem formulation, limitation of the study, objectives of the study, significance of the study, organization of the study. Chapter two provides review of related literature, includes: summary of literary work and the discussion of the symbolic structuralism by Levi Strauss. Chapter three provides research method that consists of types of research, data organizing, data collecting method, types of the data, analyzing the data.
