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This CHEM 103 Exam Study Guide provides a comprehensive collection of practice-style chemistry questions with detailed explanations, designed to help students prepare effectively for quizzes, midterms, finals, and coursework assessments. The material is organized around core concepts commonly covered in CHEM 103 introductory chemistry courses, helping students strengthen understanding through step-by-step problem solving and concept-based review. Each question includes a clear explanation to support comprehension and improve confidence before exams. TOPICS COVERED Atomic structure and periodic trends Chemical bonding and molecular structure Stoichiometry and mole calculations Chemical reactions and equations Acids, bases, and pH States of matter and gas laws Thermochemistry and energy changes
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alkane - ANSWER ✔✔single bonds between carbon atoms alkene - ANSWER ✔✔one or more double bonds between carbon atoms alkyne - ANSWER ✔✔one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms aromatic - ANSWER ✔✔six carbon rings with alternating double bonds primary alcohol - ANSWER ✔✔-OH group attached to a primary carbon atom (only one R group attached to the carbon) secondary alcohol - ANSWER ✔✔-OH group attached to a secondary carbon (two R-groups attached to the carbon) tertiary alcohol - ANSWER ✔✔-OH group attached to a tertiary carbon (three R- groups attached to the carbon) ether - ANSWER ✔✔oxygen bounded to two R groups thiol - ANSWER ✔✔-SH group attached to an R group aldehyde - ANSWER ✔✔carbonyl (C=O) attached to at least one H atom
aldose - ANSWER ✔✔contains an aldehyde ketose - ANSWER ✔✔contains a ketone ketone - ANSWER ✔✔carbonyl (C=O) attached to two R groups carboxylic acid - ANSWER ✔✔contains a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to - OH ester - ANSWER ✔✔contains a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to - OR primary amine - ANSWER ✔✔nitrogen with one R group and two hydrogen atoms attached secondary amine - ANSWER ✔✔nitrogen with two R groups and one hydrogen atom attached tertiary amine - ANSWER ✔✔nitrogen with three R groups attached amide - ANSWER ✔✔contains a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom halokane - ANSWER ✔✔carbon chain with a halogen attached isomer - ANSWER ✔✔Compounds with the same formula but different structures.
trans - ANSWER ✔✔opposite sides If you can describe them as cis and trans, then it's ______. - ANSWER ✔✔neither Enantiomers - ANSWER ✔✔non-superimposable mirror images (mirror images but can't like up with each other) Examples of objects that can be enantiomers - ANSWER ✔✔hands Fischer projection - ANSWER ✔✔A method of drawing organic molecules in which horizontal lines are coming out of the page (wedges) and vertical lines are going into the page (dashes) enantiomers of glucose - ANSWER ✔✔fischer projection, hides stuff about the image, mirror images Diasteromers - ANSWER ✔✔some, but not all of the groups are flipped Epimers - ANSWER ✔✔only one group is flipped Carbohydrates contain an __________ or a ______________ - ANSWER ✔✔aldehyde (at the top); ketone (=O) Alcohol - ANSWER ✔✔COH Aldehyde - ANSWER ✔✔CHO
Carbohydrate structure D-enantiomers - ANSWER ✔✔Last chiral carbon; OH on the right Carbohydrate structure L-enantiomers - ANSWER ✔✔Last chiral carbon; OH on the left Monosaccharide - ANSWER ✔✔one sugar Disaccharide - ANSWER ✔✔two sugars polysaccharide - ANSWER ✔✔many sugars Blood type O - ANSWER ✔✔universal donor Blood type AB - ANSWER ✔✔universal recipient Organic compunds contain - ANSWER ✔✔Carbon and hydrogen inorganic compounds contain - ANSWER ✔✔compounds that aren't primarily C and H mono- - ANSWER ✔✔one di- - ANSWER ✔✔two tri- - ANSWER ✔✔three