Download CHEM 134 CERTIFICATION QUIZ & STUDY FRAMEWORK CONFIDENT PASS 2026. and more Exams Quantum Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!
CHEM 134 CERTIFICATION QUIZ &
STUDY FRAMEWORK CONFIDENT PASS
⫸ Amplitude of a wave. Answer: the vertical height of the crest ⫸ Wavelength (λ). Answer: distance between crests ⫸ Frequency (v). Answer: the number of wavelengths that pass a point in each period per second ⫸ wavelengths and frequency are... _____ related. Answer: inversely related ⫸ what does the product of wavelength and frequency equal. Answer: the speed of light, or c ⫸ What is the speed of light.. Answer: 3.00 x 10^8 m/s ⫸ When asked about photon that has energy of something use... Answer: e=hv and c=v*wavelength
⫸ gamma rays. Answer: the highest energy and frequency, shortest wavelength, with high exposure there can be damage to biological molecules, this is used to kill cancer cells. ⫸ x-rays. Answer: 2nd most energy and frequency, used to image bones or teeth, can go through soft tissues ⫸ UV rays. Answer: this is the source of sunburn, extensive exposure can cause cataracts and skin cancer, there are 3 subdivision, UVA UVB UVC ⫸ UV-A. Answer: 315-400, black light, not absorbed ⫸ UV-B. Answer: 280-315 nm - mostly absorbed ⫸ UV-C. Answer: 100-280 nm, completely absorbed ⫸ visible. Answer: 380-750, visible to human eye borders UV and IR, violet is highest energy, red is lowest energy ⫸ infrared. Answer: radiation associated with heat you feel near hot objects, humans emit infrared light, basis of night vision tech ⫸ Microwaves. Answer: 1mm - 1m , these are in microwave ovens, these waves are energetic enough to cause polar water to rotate and
⫸ binding energy of electron is __ to energy of proton. Answer: equal ⫸ when energy of photon is greater than or equal to energy of electron, no electron is ejected. Answer: ⫸ KE of ejected electrong. Answer: hv- (binding energy of emitted electron ⫸ when an atom absorbs energy it often reemits energy int he form of light, these spectra are labeled. Answer: emission spectra ⫸ what do emission spectra exhibit. Answer: they are line spectra, not continuous for any given element their emission spectra is the same for each element there is a unique line spectrum ⫸ Rydberg. Answer: Developed an empirical equation from which the wavelengths of lines in the spectrum of hydrogen atoms can be calculated, but didnt explain why atoms behave the way they do ⫸ Bohr developed model of H atom to explain its atomic emission spectrum, what were his assumptions. Answer: - electrons travel in circular orbitals around small dense nucleus
- these orbits only happen at fixed energy. they are quantized
- absorption or emission energy only occur when atom moved from one orbit to another
⫸ Lyman. Answer: n=1, UV ⫸ Balmer. Answer: n=2, visible ⫸ Paschen. Answer: n=3, infrared ⫸ Principal quantum number. Answer: n, it gives us the size and the energy ⫸ angular momentum quantum number. Answer: l, gives us the shape of the orbital ⫸ magnetic quantum number. Answer: mL - this gives us the orientation of the orbital ⫸ spin quantum number. Answer: Ms, gives us the spin of the electron, CW or CCW ⫸ first three quantum numbers are interrelated. Answer: value of n limits value of t value of t limits value of ml ⫸ since n = infinity, is assigned energy 0.. the lower energy states have. Answer: negative values
⫸ as n increases, the electron density is. Answer: concentrated further and further away from nucleus ⫸ p orbital. Answer: triply degenerate, all have same shape and energy ⫸ ungerade. Answer: means they lack center of symmetry ⫸ all p orbitals have a nodal plane, whats the formula. Answer: l ⫸ d orbital. Answer: degeneracy of 5, same shape (aside from 1) and same energy ⫸ gerade. Answer: means they possess symmetry ⫸ Which orbitals are ungerade, and which are gerade. Answer: ungerade- f and p, gerade, d and s ⫸ d orbitals nodes. Answer: all have 2 ⫸ electron configuration of an element it is understood that it is provided for the. Answer: ground state, lowest energy level available ⫸ Pauli Exclusion Principle. Answer: guides how electrons go into an orbital, it puts restrictions on how electrons go into orbitals. States no
two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers, 3 can be the same, not all 4 ⫸ orbital diagrams are useful for... Answer: providing more info about placements of electrons in oritals ⫸ orbitals is expressed with a ___ and the ___ is symbolized by an arrow. Answer: box, electron ⫸ IN H ATOM, the ____ and the ____ sub-levels have the same __. Answer: 2s , 2p, energy ⫸ H is different from all other elements as it only has. Answer: one electron ⫸ for multi electron elements, there is ... Answer: electron- electron repulsion not found in H atom ⫸ ordering of sub-shells is determined by. Answer: coulombs law: like charges repel one another shielding: outer electron further form nucleus of atom is shielded by electrons in filled orbitals that are lower in energy than the outer electron, can pull on outer electron Penetration: 2s orbital penetrates more deep than 2p, at n=3, the 3s penetrates most then 3p then 3.
⫸ noble gas has the ___ atomic radii. Answer: smallest ⫸ atomic radii trends. Answer: ⫸ Ionization energy. Answer: is the energy required to remove the outermost electron for an atom or ion in gaseous state, kJ/mol ⫸ ionization energy trends. Answer: process is always endothermic IE1<1E2<1E abrupt jump in IE occurs when process transitions from removing valence to removing core electron ⫸ irregularities in 1st ionization energy. Answer: size decreases,IE increases new origin(purple oval, B - N) because the 2p orbital is higher in energy than the 2s, so less energy is needed to remove the outermost electron fromB than Be Establish a new origin(green oval, O-Ne) beginning with oxygen there is now electron-electron repulsion due to paired electrons (↑↓) not present in N. ⫸ Electron affinity. Answer: measure of energy change that occurs when electron is added to an atom or ion in gaseous state
⫸ EA values are. Answer: negative, that is adding an electron, and EA VALUES FOR D AND O ARE ANOMALOUS, these values are smaller than the previous, unlike the pattern that things are to be more negative going up. ⫸ most ea values are. Answer: exothermic, some are endo ⫸ Metallic character. Answer: decreases across row or period (left to right) increases down a column or family ⫸ heat and work. Answer: objects or sets of objects that exchange energy ⫸ energy. Answer: defined capacity to do work ⫸ heat. Answer: flow of energy that causes a temp change in an object or its surroundings ⫸ work. Answer: defined as the result of force acting on distance ⫸ Kinetic energy. Answer: energy associated with motion ⫸ thermal energy. Answer: type of KE associated with temp
⫸ Energy loss or gain is expressed in. Answer: KJ ⫸ SI unit for energy is. Answer: J 1kg m^2/ s^ ⫸ calorie is the. Answer: amount of energy required to raise 1g of water by 1 degree celcius ⫸ BTU. Answer: amount of heat required to raie temp of one pound of water by 1 degree F ⫸ Internal energy. Answer: defined as sum of KE and PE of all particles in system ⫸ Impossible to measure. Answer: internal energy, E, there is no way to measure or calculate the kinetic energy and PE of individual atoms ⫸ ΔE = q + w. Answer: q > 0 (positive) when the system gains heat. q < 0 (negative) when the system loses heat. w > 0 (positive) when work is done on the system by the surroundings. w < 0 (negative) when work is done by the system on the surroundings. ⫸ state function. Answer: a quantity independent of path taken to achieve value, just know I and F value, temperature change (ΔT),
pressure change (ΔP), and volume change (ΔV) are all statefunctions., and change E. ⫸ Heat loss or gain and work are. Answer: not state functions because they are path dependent ⫸ heat and temp. Answer: are not the same thing ⫸ Temp. Answer: a measure of the average kinetic energy of a collection of atoms or molecules, the average KE of hot water is higher than that of cold water molecules ⫸ heat. Answer: flow of energy between system and surroundings, temp changes occur, when system and surroundings have same its called thermal equilibrium ⫸ amount of heat lost or gained depends on. Answer: amount of material present expressed as mass or moles, m or n magnitude of temp difference, specific heat of substance Cs ⫸ For a pure compound:. Answer: enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mole of thecompound is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states.
