Download CHEM 210 Module 8 Study Guide (2026) PDF | ETC, Chemiosmosis & Practice Q&A and more Exams Biochemistry in PDF only on Docsity!
CHEM 210 Module 8 Exam Newest
1. What is the "unifying" theory covered in this module?: Chemiosmotic theory
2. How many ATP are produced per NADH molecule? Per FADH2 molecule?: -
NADH produced 2.5 ATP, while produces FADH21.5 ATP.
3. What happens to the carbon skeleton of an amino acid after it is separated from
NH4+?: The carbon skeleton becomes acetyl-CoA, then ATP.
4. Why is urea such a good molecule for excreting nitrogen from cells?: It has a high
density of nitrogen in a small molecule, and it can form numerous hydrogen bonds with water.
5. What is an integral protein?: A protein firmly embedded in the lipid bilayer
6. How many complexes are in the ETC?: Four complexes named complex I, II, III, and IV
7. At which ETC complex is H2O produced? How is it produced?: At complex IV by the
following reaction: O2 + 4e- + 4H+ ’ 2H2O
8. What complex oxidizes NADH? How about FADH2?: Complex I for NADH. Complex II
for FADH2.
9. At which complex is water produced from oxygen?: Complex IV
10.How is the H+ gradient formed?: Complexes I, III, and IV pump these ions from the
matrix to the intermembrane space.
11.What is the purpose of FO and F1 in ATP synthase?: FO contains the pore through
which H+ ions flow causing its rotation. The rotation of FO causes F1 to catalyze the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi.
12.deamination: which is the removal of the amine functional group
13.four-step cyclic process that converts NH4+ to urea, which is then excreted from
the body: urea cycle
14.the innermost space of mitochondrion where the citric acid cycle occurs along
with portions of fatty acid oxidation and the urea cycle: matrix
15.rotates to generate ATP molecules.: ATP synthase molecule
21. 3 primary phases of oxidative phosphorylation: phase I -NADH and FADH2 transfer e-
and protons to the complexes phase II- as electrons move through protons being pumped from matrix into mito- chondrial space phase III- as prtons being pumped through IM they flow back into matrix to drive ATP synthase
22.complex I: NADH Dehydrogenase
23.complex II: succinate dehydrogenase
24.where does ETC occur: matrix
25.when are NADH and FADH2 ready to ender ETC: when produced by citric acid cycle
26.first phase of oxidative phosphorylation: transfer of e- from NADH and FADH2 to
the ETC
27.complex I oxidizes: NADH to form NAD+
28.CoQH2 shuttles _ and _ to _: e- and hydrogens to complex III
29.what happens in complex III: accepts electrons from CoQH2 produced from complex I
and II and then shuttles the to cytochrome c
30.four moleucles of cytochrome c devilver _ to the : one electron to the
complex IV which is known as cytochrome oxidase
31.complex IV known as: cytochrome oxidase
32.donates electrons to the ETC: NADH and FADH
33.where can urea be used to help: fold proteins because form so many hydrogen bonds
34.urea cycle disorders caused by: build up of NH4+ which is toxic due to mutation
in enzyme in urea cycle -citrulilineamia -arinonosuccinic aciduria -arginaermia
35.where does urea cycle occur: occurs in liver and kidneys
36.what happens if nitrogen builds up in cells: it is very toxic and can lead to coma or
death
37.carbon portion of amino acids referred to as: carbon skeleton
38.oxidative deamination: removes nitrogen in form of ammonium
39. four step cyclic process that converts NH4+ to urea which is then excreted from
the body:
40.NH4+ is produced by: oxidative deamination
41.what enters the urea cycle in step 1: carbamoyl phosphate
54.Urea is useful for excreting nitrogen from cells due to its:: high density of nitrogen
atoms
55.Which component of the urea cycle is also a member of the CAC?: fumarate
56.Deamination of an amino acid results in a carbon skeleton and in the
production of .: NH4+
57.FADH2 donates electrons and H+ to complex .: II
58.Which of the ETC complexes do pump H+ ions?: I,III,IV
59.What protein shuttles electrons from Complex III to Complex IV?: Cy-
tochrome C
60.What molecule accepts electrons and H+ ions from complexes I and II and
transfers them to complex III?: CoQ
61.In what portion of the mitochondrion is the ETC located?: Inner membrane
62. At which complex does the following reaction take place?
NADH + H+ + CoQ ’ NAD+ + CoQH2: Complex I
63.During the electron transport chain, protons are pumped from
in the mitochondria.: From the matrix to the intermembrane space
64. Energy released is utilized for the
synthesis of ATP.: - As protons flow through ATP synthase and back into the mitochondrial matrix
65. The H+ ions flow through what part of the ATP synthase?
A. FO
B. F
C. F
D. Stator
E. Both A and C: A
66. An individual with the MERRF disease, tend to have symptoms of
.: muscle twitches
67.ATP synthase is located in the of mitochondria.: inner mem-
brane
68. causes ATP to be produced.: rotation of ATP synthase
69. According to the chemiosmotic theory, how is the ETC connected to ATP
production? Explain in at least four complete sentences.: The chemical reactions of the ETC provide energy to pump H+ ions from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermem- brane space. The reactions also provide electrons and H+ to convert oxygen into water. The net result is that the H+ gradients permit a flow H+ to rotation ATP synthase, producing ATP.
