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Chem 219 Module 2 Study Review
1.
list
prefixes
for
first
10
carbons
in
order:
meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec
2.
hydrocarbon:
compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen
3.
parent
chain:
longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
4.
substituent:
heteroatom or group of atoms that are attached to the parent chain
5. numerical prefixes for # of identical substituent groups (2-10 in order):
di, tri,
tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca
6.
alkane (with
formula):
hydrocarbon containing only single bonds between carbons, CnH2n+2
7.
rules
for
naming
alkanes:
1. longest continues chain is parent chain
2.
number
parent
chain
starting
with
the
end
closest
to
the
first
branch
3.
name using IUPAC rules for substituents
8. IUPAC systematic name order for alkanes:
locant-
(prefix)SubstituentParent
9. in numbering parent chains, if there are two equally long chains...:
select the chain
with the most branches coming ott
10. in numbering parent chains, if the first branch point if the same distance
from either end of the parent
chain...: choose the numbering that gives the lower numbers to the
most substituents
11. in numbering parent chains, if there are only 2 substituents and both are
equidistant from opposite ends of
the parens chain...: choose the numbering direction so
the substituent with the higher alphabetical priority gets the lower locant number
12.
solubility
and
density
properties
of
alkanes:
NOT soluble in water, low density (< 1g/ml) so
floats on top of water
13.
melting and boiling points properties of alkanes: LOW MPs and BPs due to weak attractive
forces between molecules
