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CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHANGES, Study notes of Chemistry

University of Nebraska–Lincoln (UNL)Chemistry

When a chemical reaction occurs, a new substance is formed that has different properties from the original substance.

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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IMPORTANTCONCEPTSYOURSTUDENTSHOULDKNOWANDACTIVITIESTODOATHOME
CHEMICALANDPHYSICALCHANGES
DESCRIPTION
Inthisunit,studentswillexplainthedifferencebetweenchemicalandphysicalchanges.Fifthgraderswillalsoexplainchangesin
statesofwater.Studentswillplanandcarryoutinvestigationsaboutthesechanges.Physicalchangesdonotchangethemakeup
ofasubstance;theyonlychangethesubstance’sform.Examplesofphysicalchangesarecrushing,cutting,tearing,folding,and
thechangingofanobject’sstateofmatter.Changesinthestatesofmatter(solid,liquid,andgas)occurduetoachangein
temperature;thesephysicalchangesdonotchangewhatthesubstanceis.Whenachemicalreactionoccurs,anewsubstanceis
formedthathasdifferentpropertiesfromtheoriginalsubstance.Lastly,studentswillobtain,evaluate,andcommunicate
informationthroughliteracyembeddedstrategies.
KEYWORDSTOKNOW
Physicalchange:changethatmakessomethingdifferent
withoutchangingthemakeupofthematerial(e.g.
cutting,folding,melting)
ChemicalChange‐happenswhenmatterbreaksdown
intotwoormoresubstancesorwhenmorethanone
substanceiscombinedtoformanewsubstance
Matter‐anythingthathasmassandtakesupspace
Mass‐theamountofmatterinanobject
Substance‐matterofanyformthatcannotbebroken
downintoseparateelementsbyphysicalmeansbutcan
bebrokendownusingchemicalchanges.
Mixture‐somethingthatcontainstwoormore
substancesthatarenotcombinedchemically
ChangeofState:occurswhenasubstancechangesfrom
onestatetoanother(solid,liquid,gas).
FreezingPoint‐thetemperatureatwhichmatterturns
intoasolid
MeltingPoint‐thetemperatureatwhichmatterturns
intoaliquid
BoilingPoint‐thetemperatureatwhichmatterturns
intoagas
Watervapor‐waterinagaseousstate,especiallywhen
diffusedasavaporintheatmosphereandata
temperaturebelowboilingpoint
Physicalproperties‐propertiesthataremeasurableand
canbeseen.
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IMPORTANT CONCEPTS YOUR STUDENT SHOULD KNOW AND ACTIVITIES TO DO AT HOME

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHANGES

DESCRIPTION

In this unit, students will explain the difference between chemical and physical changes. Fifth graders will also explain changes instates of water. Students will plan and carry out investigations about these changes. Physical changes do not change the makeupof a substance; they only change the substance’s form. Examples of physical changes are crushing, cutting, tearing, folding, andthe changing of an object’s state of matter. Changes in the states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas) occur due to a change intemperature; these physical changes do not change what the substance is. When a chemical reaction occurs, a new substance isformed that has different properties from the original substance. Lastly, students will obtain, evaluate, and communicateinformation through literacy embedded strategies.

KEY WORDS TO KNOW

Physical change: change that makes something differentwithout changing the makeup of the material (e.g.cutting, folding, melting)

Chemical Change‐ happens when matter breaks downinto two or more substances or when more than onesubstance is combined to form a new substance

Matter‐ anything that has mass and takes up space

Mass‐ the amount of matter in an object

Substance‐ matter of any form that cannot be brokendown into separate elements by physical means but canbe broken down using chemical changes.

Mixture‐ something that contains two or moresubstances that are not combined chemically

Change of State: occurs when a substance changes fromone state to another (solid, liquid, gas).

Freezing Point‐ the temperature at which matter turnsinto a solid

Melting Point‐ the temperature at which matter turnsinto a liquid

Boiling Point‐the temperature at which matter turnsinto a gas

Water vapor‐ water in a gaseous state, especially whendiffused as a vapor in the atmosphere and at atemperature below boiling point

Physical properties‐properties that are measurable andcan be seen.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHANGES

Important Concepts

Addressed in this Unit

Sample Problems

How You Can Help Your Child

S5P1. Obtain, evaluate, and communicateinformation to explain the differencesbetween a physical change and a chemicalchange.

a. Plan and carry out investigations of physical changes by manipulating, separating andmixing dry and liquid materials.b. Construct an argument based onobservations to support a claim that thephysical changes in the state of water are dueto temperature changes, which cause smallparticles that cannot be seen to movedifferently.c. Plan and carry out an investigation todetermine if a chemical change occurredbased on observable evidence (color, gas,temperature change, odor, new substanceproduced)

  1. How can you separate a saladmixture?2. There is a mixture of iron fillings andrice. Devise a plan to separate thismixture.3. Construct an argument supported byobservations that water changes statedue to temperature changes.4. Chloe mixed baking soda and vinegarand observed bubbles. Did a chemicalchange take place? Explain why or whynot.5. Compare and contrast physical andchemical changes.

Online Resources

Science Assessment: Study Island viaMyBackpack

Science Curriculum: STEMscopes viaMyBackpack

Literacy in Science: Science A‐Z viaMyBackpack

Milestones Assessment Guidehttps://lorpub.gadoe.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/49665/Gr_05_Assessment_Guide_10.25.17.pdf?sequence=

Mixtureshttp://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/mixtures.htm

States of Waterhttp://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/solids‐liquids‐gases.htm

Physical and Chemical Changeshttp://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/changes‐of‐matter.htm