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Chemical bond, Exams of Chemistry

Rice UniversityChemistry

electron sharing. (usually formed between two non-metal atoms by sharing electron pairs). • Covalent Bonds are the strongest chemical bonds, formed by.

Typology: Exams

2022/2023

Uploaded on 02/28/2023

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Chemical bond:
•Chemical bonding refers to the force that holds the
chemical molecules or atoms together.
•Strength of the bond varies considerably, depends on the
molecules or atoms involved in the process of bond
formation.
Classes of chemical bonds in biological science:
1) Covalent bonds
2) Non-covalent bonds:
Ionic - Hydrogen - Hydrophobic - Van der waals bonds
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Chemical bond:

  • Chemical bonding refers to the force that holds the chemical molecules or atoms together.
  • Strength of the bond varies considerably, depends on the molecules or atoms involved in the process of bond formation. Classes of chemical bonds in biological science:

  1. Covalent bonds

  2. Non-covalent bonds:

Ionic - Hydrogen - Hydrophobic - Van der waals bonds

The Covalent bond:

  • The covalent bond is a bond formed between two atoms by electron sharing. (usually formed between two non-metal atoms by sharing electron pairs).
  • Covalent Bonds are the strongest chemical bonds , formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons.
  • The energy of a typical single covalent bond is ~80 kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). However, this bond energy can vary from ~50 kcal/mol to ~110 kcal/mol depending on the elements involved.
  • Once formed, covalent bonds rarely break spontaneously.

Double bond

CO 2

Triple bond N

Covalent bonding occurs by a sharing of valence electrons: Examples of covalent bonding:

Types of covalent bonds:

  1. Non-polar covalent bond.

  2. polar covalent bond.

  3. Non-polar covalent bond

  • It is a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms.
  • Non-polar covalent bonds are formed, when the sharing atoms have the same electronegativity so the electrons are shared equally. Electron cloud is not displaced

Example

Covalent bonds that are formed between identical atoms, as in oxygen gas (O 2 ) and hydrogen gas (H 2 ), Cl 2

[Since the electrons are equally shared between the two identical atoms, these molecules are said to be nonpolar and the bonds between them are nonpolar covalent bonds].

Example

Na Cl Na = 0.9, Cl = 3.

Difference in electronegativity ( Δ EN) is 2. 1 , so

this is an ionic bond

  • Atoms that has positive or negative charges are called ions
    • Positively charged ions are called cations.
    • Negatively charged ion are called anions. Example NaCl