Partial preview of the text
Download Chemistry - Chemical changes 1 and more Schemes and Mind Maps Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!
Oxidation Is Loss (of electrons) Reduction |s Gain (of electrons) HT ONLY: Reactions between metals and acids are redox reactions as the metal donates electrons to the hydrogen ions. This displaces hydrogen as a gas while the metal ions are left in the solution. lonic half equations (HT only) For oamaie pee metal + acid’ > metalsale | ™agnesium + hydrochloric acid > magnesium chloride + hydrogen The ionic equation for the reaction acids + hydrogen zinc + sulfuric acid > zinc sulfate + hydrogen lonic half between iron and copper (II) ions is: T i 2+ > Fez t fon usit For equations show Fes Cu Fem + Cu Acids react with some metals to Extraction using carbon displacement | “at happens produce salts and hydrogen. ——— to each of the The half-equation for iron (I!) is: 7 a Metals less reactive than reactants during Fe > Fe*+2e" Reactions of acids carbon can be extracted For example: reactions from their oxides by zinc oxide + carbon > zinc + carbon dioxide The half-equation for copper (II) ions is: and metals reduction. Cu +2e"> Cu ara Reactions o A - Oxidation and Extraction of Unreactive metals, such as gold, are found in Acid name Salt name reduction in terms of ache metals and the Earth as the metal itself. They can be mined Hydrochloric - electrons (HT ONLY) reduction from the ground. : Chloride acid AQA Che 5 Reactions with water Reactions with acid Sulfuric acid Sulfate Neutralisation of acids ange Reactions get more Reactions get more and salt production Group 1metals | vigorous as you go down | vigorous as you go down Nitric acid Nitrate =e, ~ the group the group 3) Observable reactions sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid -> sodium chloride + water clunaetog| Donot react with water meade eee oe temperature increases calcium carbonate + sulfuric acid > calcium sulfate, + carbon dioxide + water The reactivity series Zinc and iron react slowly Zinc, iron and , ahaa = — Metal copper Do not react with water with acid. Copper does not Acids can | An alkali is a soluble base e.g. metal . react with acid. be hydroxide. oxides Neutralisation | neutralised | Abase isa substance that i The reactivity The reacti by alkalis | neutralises an acid e.g. a soluble Wielelbia ore a y of a e nen wity wrthelr rencth ceut eaien | stat Hyaroniiaora earoxias, positive ions | metal is related toits | metals in order of their reactivity potenshin amatneeetoe: K when they tendency toform | (their tendency to form positive sodium Na react positive ions ions). calcium co Metals react with < 5 if magnesium Mg Metalsand | oon to form metal | Magnesium + oxygen > magnesium oxide ‘tress: il aluminium al oxygen ‘da 2Mg + 0, > 2MgO Carbon and hydrogen | "ese (Wo npn-metas are carbon : oxides included in the reactivity series as i Carbon and | are non-metals but are | ern nad to extract sore ane zn This is when oxygen is hydrogen included in the és ie fromthel depend R a Reduction removed from a e.g. metal oxides reacting with hydrogen, reactivity series metals from their ores, depending iad ns compound during a | extracting low reactivity metals on thelt feactiety, hydrogen “ reaction ‘ ; copper cu more reactive metal i a ; ; ; Silver nitrate + Sodium chloride > aver ad This is when oxygen is | e.g. metals reacting with oxygen, rusting of Displ t can displace a less gold Au nye © isplacement ct tal platinum least reactive pt Oxidation | gained bya compound | iron reactive metal froma) «44m nitrate + Silver chloride during a reaction compound. 
