chemistry prep booster, Summaries of Chemistry

_ composite vaste i [Bel= fam woees } bes, adh [pu = + (sega ay + whey @¥as)) a) + Ka torusay Har kesXKas ACID- BASE TITRATIONS pH = #4. (doge + pla) ie sh og kar tog, ews “stg ew) PHL (pin + pus ~peb) Ste 4 (pem-pus) aan Fai Sr rerrd * Woke SS aug + SOLD BILITY #- < \ . G cute wit, shgyy + Shougadd + Shou bare. . chs Pec satubbly — catuble salts SI base 10 > Weunat (pH = Precluens S i GH=3) Mgaids cue tue scam Gece] | SSeaeuie tayditeiysis ap a eatin ap woenke aci ust rt aticl + sireuy bate > basic (pH >3)>> S heck ofeonittion iou ov cétubiity (vast eye J ({wsicasan’- wertyt oumnge / ) Srauisuie nydnolytic ary ? ; Saauge /puauneptsei)) © Rae ‘ iiss, addition 0} corunrou 10 fy Weal acid + weak bote:—> pi alepeuds ou frou. anoug elt te base yack scat iis ne 4 W Gliswie-® aiwee. Streug i Gotubiuty 9) S88 ¥ + speuy GO Weak Wm.e> a: weakatid + weal bare ; * G equ suf beusdl Mi Hyduatycic Countaast) ; 4 (DOH) = ee rf Ay 7 ‘ = r c & rage que wmiover bruce Pate a J jana > ‘botwbiity Y " x riche Suns, feutoriche Trim romoocta: hse (e108) (e408) rear oct x Fue AaB e. ____ Re box ReAC TIONS ________ ak) } x J a ee Lo enaut wf auauatiou:= | Gator 5 ° =f 4 PrumstSs Ynbaons |? ion = wf stooge] Coukoyy bie tae freniaeng = Testing | eta af=|riaue| Daiet CAL cya cluee) ee et cat ada eaty (EL a cancsion! l FEATS [G teas = aaietictty [oain= 0, Teharwoevate, ou fra Fe ede = pean coven] Be=o ap agnetc re Gyaaa' byinane, | ype of redox , |? HE =| Be (Sut, ba be si) Z Z Reacious * |, cneusicat reaction | - Cteswoce . 2 errr PS OP alll f Coenen BOS | ap © txntatcan ft Cees (aaa ef eta Te ET) i nutcag (08 Vos “hecmpgion Pow toy apt” | I . 2 cy reach Cte (ype tap bur-cze rat ; (© Fiat Pepaamnt | mi atoms aril Thesutdunste ie Sa Ta ‘wetat aepions he —tng |r 4 (ss08") & (a) now Mevat Deg. | xpd a ( (opapmppovatinals Goneaget otk | ——¥ t Reena red Sr Epp yor hls fo as fot Bred. FP = Ett) [Sart "fon| 0 4190882 Fo siustat +t \ vralnce canis 4p, | Avaiteait 3d ON. 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Sree steue Kruts ; ES He cata Cuv/ea) Feed ta oe ear Mes apa D From kuyctuolyeie of Caubidiea: Hategeuatiou D Reduction o HO hogy NUE Alken =) Hite ease a Aw y Matictes ¢ Mitha dary cee Cota SS cating + Heaeh © Kat ann Feds Masclet'( exept =e) ie aio Ww Rath fences ry tact: Anis Cuincin kag — Saar = Settee ex ~shughe atep Pere SSG vor, Be Por: pg a aca fomemp: > Ware Rs Cenepans ru) Paar eect 2) oof eee ae Frage coo ee oh Meagsal | Na+ Ory eraee Feet ve pep omen ‘Aueeue see aT every Cmenieue- 79 Char aNax Rae merce Product > Hoffwou CHenucaL mene: peal tad beuweue> Odd We aticaued (es | SU reaction Te SR wre eee wil 2 ‘ : ; Semana et cea rg Peete Sea aelatngeag TSM Met Suimanaten actly warts mina Gumicteadan hf oveur : kde Aantal Paogeut: Beare oh orton OO > Sesuetiby Rremeci? taut RE hie “kote cleo Din omens) won. RO” fe 3¢ Hof, - ‘ wa ie dnt Pr ae — Maja 2) Additewet Hae: kekeuov Baur a Sau. Ctasnond RSPAS) ae oh rear ase aay a Penvapars oe pe nadernet ENGR OFfeaa Abs (E'etiwiuation) Reageuts-dity gfe Alt Masog * "9 HeboratHuagusead) PRES oe Cony LE pe catiausy | MRE Oda, Matow Cuan / an HY7a/ HeM/Hae Ley wes oS ltt a i Con CRA bay MM to Wie Hem Ee Rei Ne Sh We z Se ee ee tae * Genco Chote), Us Aleylasion: TRA fou Tenautuak! Augie LTRS aT ei i : te (spemaesf soln Harbombiou, Jntwuesiation > Guirecion |, white, AN S aterctag e+ Rt Cousnecasiond) © Sete tue becwtayation : (Sams ot ay pr ame eX Mahl cern ve COC RE = : wm faum of toe . fpr ue eo Ts Emon semen Hsitos BES ray a aah SE? rag teycide > 1-2 piaan x > GOR L sh “aes > swipe ] = ©) Reaction of cour, Mor cE SMEMUIE CAuteuyet & ketoues) * Kemmensen's Reductfen + comic Beopenties: 1D Raducsion of plrarol, son's Recluctfon — Reageu > x, eas ‘@ io} cs Pacts) + ceuHet Seno —> deg nr : Er ee etre... aie Decree nate an 2 S WASH ESeusr Reduction + etter uajeunseust Reagent Nina Ciydaure) + eoH/ “# Cotbocation, fous a) C eilemmea peur Giiyeod ¢ o% wlenplilclly e EDG on = caer) ere wee fe 1 Griy Cage * Ructeoplail NY EOS orm ee ax(Hesew So a Roca dts SE, gcd 9) Reduction of Chieuobaugeue =) ‘pep OF Sijmawietvigal Be fe epepes forey = Horne, Syuruanse( eaueen eA OD tna Wefean => Gana meow’ casei) “MR Piste: 17 905 amke zadake H35 ATS} mail eg iy AMR Rute: H+ qoe: amt at Be oad) on # veo oar iserauay AA) ptr ta Gers Hoos) Resend oh ines aa Onp directing quoupe: —NMay =O) —0> SF cic) gua ion NMR RS Rae bo M Hydueyue of coubicter (lad. prep ef cota) 3 Myduexylatrous io} @out Amidon suoationy (s0R)y eueyts aryl im wae. ee yu aaditeou. told. ) oh PR-Mg: tues AE yatconns + 3aty y "4 5) Kyduoiysie i eo ane omit sit apes (hina) ss 3 Coxouswenes > SS SI + Ng tod x. + CHERICAL PROPERTIES: Sala eens jas £98 pose aes 6) (Cumssergp aidan sho loseahe eal) Ty Statins meeton 1c goes to tase a —> oro watisasiou tancave 3) exe ozeuctysis: a i aaa SS Reagpur s PH NEOs Gu Y.05 au ALO, a et TO) + cot FN oa —., ‘ Wrote ob cwmeniug (Henig i akaance 0) ge) poo 7 " > Commustion = iso. cc8s /ain. ® Aromatication A-hexaue | =a - Reoetow voilte sea ‘ 0a-+ Coty (Mess Heo7 && Vas 4 > Coutoired oxxdaton? Usually atraie dout Uudesgo #203 [Ry /Zu4Ha0 radia (Sy Sait” Onntakiou wit OA ike Woy, Bu ako Bsa “aster 2 SRN Hua hind to ait Haba? ~ NED oc Sat Creutcol Baopesticn — HAtogeuatiou reaction. sige ai Sree, reaeod subuiituri ou idative roplilic. ostition ran) ~ Reageuk: *Os+u/ Hao 2) Ean: (Ete ue eatiston.enn + RO yan ne 2% ost ce / Hao. + Hokeganatt ou @ + ROR fou Vatogent rts rs} Ty, 2 * Carcely/ Ago, stot kaned +H au, Shaw + eaneoh 25 rasan + ehroug 0:0: LY taceiog rei ©) aig Ape Fromivenion Nt 82 3 1600+ p- *. e a \ poe g meetin emt (BHe, 6c, 1 Tf Akowe —r ences + main. purcclich: RX, (wuevetiatoseuared) °/ Mae a : Grensnsexasse » 4 ” frye {eer dinate) “Tf x2 > Orem: miata puoduet: Ri4 fatty halogenated {i . g. re Test foun Un aurabieU:. , CRreuu Color x + Hysoucgemot + BE, woken Tet ( Bu¢tityy ; Pecotorices) 1 eis 2) Alkeues: derotorices ay Ses = (3 Teak >. clog: ign i poe ake, 4 4 ® Bayen's, Fussparte 7 0, + Ha amp + Mor: _— gy ZI ESR: (Etecrrophiic Sunatituaio mn) 1) fasdrar Iydsoqeuation OF alkayrer t = a , Pyke & Loy | Se Beugeue prunjeus ESR —c mee tPA, R-C=c-R” (cis-plkeus) ee ol © sonnel pray PE cma 1 TN Pea sel a A 3) tHe Tt Atiwatlans'y Cakes ‘ ‘ espa * Datteprak, —- Canbocation asuation, 5) Ho: —€ne of Hae, + Nibgasion: 2) Bitch Reduction im bs aDo SE n aa, Reag eu Rewer’ ———> Rv. 8d (CTroma- Aliceue) 1 Bate + Cone HNGs * Cone-Hasoy. ai te ok? as > Ayw ARG ek = | oamn't suo Ha — mo NO, BS fesmnaina alkyne © M05, ponees ay | 3 Vic ~ pikadiohes : ‘chr Poe . 56a iniey, lon ~cCHa-Cra — ar sad ee) Ce sx dy Kotte’ Ctectrownic: OO casrant 7 Pee EEE EE ELECT ET ELEC Kd edeccdeded His 3 History: ; : P WNae Lonsuancid Seria! Artiwoid. Seriet ‘ine Detar - Gebers Fed > ay 84 Taisho Th per ere ag ads Ly weet ata; Nuala Fe -u » » aa Chaneeurtoiuy — Cylindrical tame of Sr Ra awe MeN $0 dispoy panded ceaeuce at Weer - ha a nr aX ar 2) Ton flesaudlar Newioud — (geek eta mm Bs Sey eer) 3 ’ tesa Bela valid oulyupil ca ga ~ a ' ‘ Ned Prgmataaiiay feet cafe — cf a Pe le gS sa = = f » waned i ' Rist Mandeleey ~ develeped 44a weds peuiodie jaus Ge- tm =e a : ; Te pupae of He demarhare Satine eae ‘ : Potiodle faunibn of ruir atone weiguie? itu: erat te ayaa * Gratin» 6 Somalia ae WH abvwoval ygivtea < aS PERIODIC TRENDS? Medeuu Poriodic Lau! ae ‘ ae cas ean © Etfeedive Nisearcuarye (Zeus) Tosely —> “Tha pruepausica of ebeirieat are posicctic. Ge labreases acre tun period. = feuetion of HULit atousie raster ® decrease docu tu group reed precy cpt +H vedas cums —» greugs, fauibien S " Aaplnoy poe atas ot res, & Ud to 5a t i @ Nanisouceal rows —> peuiodt ¥ ) inereaae’ et Series j y Geovrs : aah ME ry cx) Mf eackrous ina “ ‘ ® Group. an pe « Graup-2 (ne) @ Aste to , / LL Thiet age Nn ge tte GAY gy, [eR [| No YAAK Metals’ (2 aap Rani’ pretatic cee, dee 9 ! k oy “Aukauiue Court. caption “* . = = ila coos re Fish is . 4 Li essen hay Cfo EY bs ae ge dart mup (rwrne) (Boren, 4 Gaur Nutra) (Oeste) Cawinasion, Gusngy> Seen ae acre tie Paeilesl iuereaeh B Stagit” iS “obausisiryy sir given by fee cunasirs/ ibt ‘ Ke s ate. SIE rank = Feusirauion OF 1 repuibad oc Resulity oY ® oI Auukey probleus? oe fo to ‘fuses a Sa __ wrap 2 ipa a a a aude julip ib! aleeitive (ellen + Greup-i6 ea 4 Gveup-ic (owned (ust) Sinie ahict oe 8 SO Skye se Tes Pauc?” Bune! Se Te * cuaicogeut? Paieroyou’ fo 1 Cnet np®) CFreuin — * Grinip-18 (uatp) * FHeen i PRwz Gow He Hela Ne Agen ee Fra bur T Ne ware zero rae’ © Ame ar oe ee Thong x ) PERIODS. > hanjgoutal rant Peis) Sa ga Iie cay Wad pia) ayaa 232 (DS + 5. ua Sp Us) 3> %3PD 6 > Ge NE ba 6p ( “eypieleipauk Sana 3 pened. ¥ > 4. 6§ 6c 7p (33 (nol Guno Tum Vivuk Crio Myjlee Fir Bd- Serie GMa so Ya Seriet: Yari Zra Ni y Ze Nb Mo Te Ru 3 Tair Pununge oa wre Re Orono SE “Bd-gerie: La Hf Te Peau ity pT. © Fe ao “end? nue G2} Nicakaga, Zann Foto MOe 2h aa Meut Tae Rukawiein taarme fa A9e Co eis | _tu.< eat Congrats cee is Elec gai wie eusuainy Cog) i 4018 waa Yo puovies aun ideo SbGik Hie care with \Suleds curoand. com ascape oucer ai4gy reteaned oi arsaitbed volun holated) gaubeds” Keel ArSuA accepit Lu e~ ik, austrmiotr SOU. ~ OTN ie, * vn SRE = -CAegii) > ares 7 ss J hese eae lnm —s Ocepriou! + Spse>Te>te> 0 My tbisesbaed — Gppr erry at > Ne Arckr> XerRurHe situs afin PNA uh ee mulitan-Jajfe scase Min -EFEA x LELEA “S10 e v e > aaing cote = a 28 nny 2 ewaptions Ly siaue~ m : 4 imereasea oshuatial 2 > dousu tue greup > eres 18 Ppplicotions of eledrourgativity Meaitic & Nou Meraie Nokure ies SS lucene - ai Pesrost ns tan gran "+ clecreaos 2ojranaes JAIMIE © passe bow abuts snsible + tiie sires Bote seats a gp posiod + Boud leughs £ EN ed i iucreoue 1 Fe ed F \eucroaganioly merense Nokue of Beudi Xa Re? IT (lowe) 2 24 xa~ Kos i-7 Coolest) S 2:1 xasre (uon’ pains) (toy ‘oiiasent) >. 1.» > Sol ai m 16501: : eo, Alas, 240, ears, ‘Sno, Pho Su ox :PbO2, ‘Sba03, ae Moras Pomapusiaule —<_ waurad 60, H,0,NO, N30 RL ag CL 2 + aur ot Syarontsee AGOSH dapusse ov vous breakiv) + Nature of oxides wns Herod 7 bole Cea quale oa) > Tesinavion auuaipy’ +AL—+ oxidise B coats tteel, + amorpueu B US B03 (ciclic) AL AG03. Guagos (eumplttsic) = EG) + lg) > Es03(8) Tryes, Ur03 Léouic) * + EW TN) ae " nibide Renetitty dowoude Add & Atkatien: aurea = ABT Sat He Core Hidoy > Stones AL by oxlalting AUt Noon —» NaLA\CoHdal” Seciuuntetrabyduenyobuninate (TE) "maw wielala & uigtalloids exh only ia We po tiocke of pemonic tae. weiss wet SS gies fouiensiog eutuaipy CO seer aces pase Reactivity Uewands Halegaut(%): me Rial y bole engeeee Code “Ade + Youn tuitatides (excepiou: TIs) Sorel) EG) + xg > Exs® + Mem weal > aukiie oxides, neutrad icin > bral oni Anbydiout Aldlg Jt Poukolly kycliotysedl iotle abus-roietuset to abascne HO GIO Lace ea csie RRP pte es es we Femaiug weubed a3, Tauportont Tends : Th & tes scsi aE \e/ Rewer ire. wn Kees Radius Te, sno Ges prey x, da vac deel, te LL roms atone Hue S pestiod ustaubers, 7 Wonticamuy — nd Leendert tal nu a eta valence 2 wm rope naun, EAsius ta. seeghity Dei G a oa iF Se 8: Boiliug poi. + We Ceordivation ue. at pf ucauier dement Ie duguest ova [st lease ® a 7 aos Watig pout s"Ti - cldauidey, Baonides, Tedder: Cvatetin rabiie md hydustysccl lay woaen . “Clensis actcte) + mox- Covaievey OE B= 4 Gansence of A aubitial. ortrebsnic arid: HyB03 Benok:Na,8u07-loHao —> Na, Lbvos (oWy]-AH0 Sasa Weat Ser say secmen Posse abi dig of cuer 4 electreus. Koouite: Nesbyor Use Nots + nid mae acidity: BFs Baar & Baricadd: Manujacune Of deat Jlstaniee lost giaseiccot, qibuagious S mild autiseptic. > Rrearonegatiuity: By > EerGar Al Ae cue te aiscrepancin ia atwusic cige of Hue eleaueue > Pusyslend Propussics: Br nom merase % ward & baw igus wetting potut + AL > bagutr ,aiveny wuite muetar. So Ahig dewsile atrougtte , “Wig aeetrical, KMeuual, Conductivity? > tonic Jr trature Conbou Fomsiiag Grit (ruanipad reat watt No to antting polar ag etecaric couse ES no lig peta TCH MMA act abumdondk element by mine in Gust. pr beiiugpelie cana Gusst ie PEA jeune. seafell ge eee, oie xe acon Oia + Dewihy of eleuenie Meroue down Hue guaup frou, boron, fe Hundsius, soni {S)and mack abundent (21-77) Gorauetut TGQ) Ta tracer 7 en: casnituuite,Sno, Chewricad prropestted : "common oxidation skater: #4aucl+2. c-> ve oNabo 2 Pb au+ 4: oxidisiug ageuks Renewity Aorveands Or Eto, —> Nos /MO " + tho exist ak igh Remap -0uly> ! * Co, S10) ,Gre03 atidic + Suo,, Pbo,: ausplatenic * Co: mekurot + Geo > aridic. + $uo, Poo —» cmpucterdt © all ni seh Reactivity tousasds woo kent: ge bat Pbij.oSh se, > Ne ren: sat” Sut Hae > SuoatHs (akea) Reackiuity towauds Halogous: unm) NX2 ud MXy habices - . Ww pesca ens « Comte: ‘except : SuF4 POF 4: tout e Pi, > doaw texist- Auolouous berauious of C+ “hax JLuMiqule puopesityy to Jaane prr-pre Boucle - + Catiuatoutt ¥ 7 cuden: C>>7 SirGexsu CPb—> ne cabeunkyou) ‘ Alotropes OF Cambou: i bal vey. ‘ + Cuptalbine Ammauplous ‘ ‘ + piameid » Fullenenes + Groplite E 3 * Diausoud: CAHG"= 190 5/0) ia + Gurapuiite: (ang 20) 1. aces 4 S electrical couctuctivity Lue to uscbile e- 2001939 Sosoft& stippany —> Uredos abe sor tug tnd s Fullerenes: (atts = 3pucfucty Eg EE 140 te beading ot 4 jum slectric > Fasanenet (298 # OE guapinte * (uesaey ET ee + nad G omy pce fom of Courbou % wittouk Pawgulug Bouds > Ceo: Bukmiustenfuiterrene- (Bucky balis> aide “20: G-nemmbeued FUSS gp2_ fis Via: S- Wmeubewed riugs ne Ota atotreper: *Contbou bck: burning hycuocaubs “iu timited air. + Chasicoat: A weed * Coke Acoot. User of Coubou: patie Le quespuste fébseer. sie & basic ues. Sukh tpp om aie aa ee + oxidation stole oud tread inn chasuieod Twpestout Treudt : ral =n wy Gy Cente Se date “mnt aenin nseee saan cont elle Semana - fe fauu.. oulycovalent compounds. Radius ze, TAL lkighiy €lectropesitive Cleueud TA! puedouiuentiy stable “Tit: oxidation state hs rere die X tay 13: mmorecevelout Y Fiat & Neh Rs Bar 3 Etectrousgativity —Demity wetting point Peiling peut They ane dectrou deficient & Behave as Lewie acid. - [Fnac a Hapaaiyse by water to fouuu: [Com 4]~ 2. 02 “be PP Pee eee eee SORES CREE EASED) t sewsntry ahity of predation o electricity ieee oeeneaed slasuug SPOutaueour chensical Lodge * Feack BUS Gud the we Of etectaical euergy to beius Saar8 MON= Spowlautous Cheracol touittauniari dur 3 * DANIEL CELL > chenicas + Za zu ctemede, a> Cur clecrrade, +2. pounce + rocneuiias CA cattiede inahupwade <— fn | cavany eile apace to * GALVAINIC ceus: S gibtrens gibbremangy of etecrrica) * KOHLRAUSCH LAW OF INDEPENDENT MIGiRATION Speuiaueous Woomle OF LON: Feaction Vecteoa jah diffexeue, —* Kira Sfaw eleoolyLe Cau be se, ed ante. op poesia ap argent ean Aunt of 1He individual combiburions of ork aud. Slecrode & elechbtyte couious. Of Hue elechot % Mondased reduction sich ke => Soudoud elecrede Focetak poteation GOAN cent a tous ote Tues tive Rrcop us Rags pow ofawrent > time oe . CTROLYTIC CE AND ELECTROLYSIS + dinede > decode _* ELECTRO! uso ovenah 4, Zactigd +H go) —> 2408) + Halt) ee G. extenuot source of voltage is used to asso [Eee Eee - bsuug abount a chevuical reactiou Carmode? Cu2*(aq) +26 —> Gale) Creductsl) K 2" boeuied P * Maudaud by - ees jug cusment im opp: directiou (Sue) eich elkeneeleeity veteran Auode : GUS) —»Cu2tlaq) 422° (oxidized) Fe Mies =) sa SG Acad = Mouage battery PLS) [Maiq 14 Gaq) ausousnr ot (4) Chewsicon reaction ak alechocde HY Cag) +e —> ip talg) = \*lawt x deedaced fans It D So musre state covepaned fo Hal + Stoudasict elecreste Poteutia amount Of {ay ts Porociuct fas => aM Lowe? pants + Slaudasid eledode CE potextion CE SO FQ S sbrougeat onidsing agout F- => yosateert stecluciug ogert y CC 0 ¢ An? n> E —. ere < Sey SMekehgy (Caut=11v) Ou dilution ~> Ke Le, Am Aeg Ot * BATTERIES: Zale) + at wait vel F D+ G24 GQ) — 22%Cag7+ Cale) apuctees pes volunne L oe coc? unity 7 I"battencien , SG commot be seured again - Gea = Vy S iu uimieasiet itis > cyanaie ascot pe Gag: Metoucue colt; = Ecet= 15V ~ eee — exit by Noy ancl ; Eerdiy me Mot Ht i BY | “ anoug ceerstty te ouode: Zu coduede: Coribou rod 4 Gexterly Eee >hiv ) Fowaday's Low of Elecmotysls® Cedaceledddaddadedd dl gy « by + Maos + casbon 4 wie] jaide bac poste Auode: Zuts)—> Zu2tC + 2e° Copuode: Maoat NHut re —> MuoloH) TNH > Menersry Cour Ecew= 1:35V autos: Zu +My Camoigan) Comiede’ Hgo +¢ Cpaste) tlacotyte: paste of KOH aud 240 Awode: Zucrig) +200” —> 2uo(a)+ 420 +207 coluode! Hqo tH, +2e —> Hg(4) +204 ee) a auode: Ph elecroetyre: 38) sotution of comode! P+ Phos is: Hasoy quantity of (8) clecbica ry pastest Awode: Pb(s) + Sd’ “Gag) — PeSoyts)+ 2e— Carvode: Ph oals) + $0y7"(oq) +4 HT (aq) +207 PoSdy(s) + 2Ms0UL) equivaleut most bf the puocuct: Ce) > Nie ca CO ie CALS) + QNi (OHS) (2) —> CLOLS) + INCOM) (8) Wool) + Fut count G Grarvamic.cess derigued to convert the energy of LF woarert oxidising agent Combustion of fuels dike Na» Has Cs oH directly LES Atrougett otididie rectuciug aneut ferearouste] ciearorte| Pacer [Rcaucr ok at duto Uechical CHEMBY » Comede | Aucde osanen = t Equatiows ‘Ma-O2 cou lo Space roAmme « Saatce 49 Hag) + ne > MO) 3 poll pitog cy Cosmode: 02(g) +240 (a+ He — HOH" (aq) E (mma ~ Ecranyyy AE oa Gusy [Pl | ce 2 — nF LEmet) ate Auode: 2MaCq) 4 HoH" (aq) — UHsol4d)+ He Fis yanacoy coutaur 9 96500 Aq rr A os pvewa reactions N05 a 2 Hgla) 4051) > 2H,0U Ecat= Eteu- RT ana “3 a 9 a) nF No: BF @ bakivg poset iu reactiou Aq, % He 0, + Conosiou: : * Host} GS weetod is oxidined toy toss of em to 02 oud oom] oxsgm? — _ — =| oxide: Eten = 22°38T togke S Ay aga AF 4 y Agnes dechrodle Awode: 2Fe(s) —> 2Fe* 4 4e Fam (Gey Fe) ™ uy > Etecricol wvenkedont _ (olectrical poteuti = ind tee " at Catuade: 6) 4 4HMORDAHE —> aHOLN) Efe, un Per en. pattern cm | al 2) am I by Galanic cel = Hatow | 9 Ree | puta a a ha, 4 eel lary \ ofels + 02(9) 4 4Ht Cag) > oFE "Cag? + 2H20(4) Nac | etecracde icy Na iy elk (Bare = eta) Nat) anyrared dvose Gorm) - - NDUCTANCE OF ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION® R= PL CP ohm) > Resistance § “2A _nm) ~ Resistivity ( Apecific sotistance), f (Aur, chen) = Conductance (sternens) (22, mc!) = bonductivity (Specific coudactounce) serge —> natuse of matesiial , temp. > pHOuune GH =. (emt) = Coit constant G k= k= ot xq D(Fuosomie) 9992 avoggogpnnnet wees eeuue annepennnennet? Seoeucece® ra $- auc pore of reackion a cotosyst 4K Mudy of reaction tes aus sate tchowitin JS called oF 2 Chemsica kauenct oauge iw comsswation 7 ARCANE IH eiyeckant=— Seay of reactant Oi an DAs de Race of reackios —> puuduict ry unit Hue jnereaue ju Coucs puoduct = * TE rountaueo| jwecone | jwstautaueous iat! | hone 2 x fougareaus nears ae TAR a contol tempie—> Cone possiol puessUrt ei wT at rayon wayust get —> exe of _, pastage nt ime os ee: ee Vat ‘op reatont J pee = KOOIR? Bo Puemte Concemiro.bowr ot fote.coustaut: te — rate « 2 to OTN C eee ae eee ond oe 0314 co 5 ri qu 5 Sequence: ina? Quen df Reackinw + suns of paussnoy he cout: of Has reactant rote |a4e explo ie aa pune is: % Gure=O eu fracriouod . Moreuiassity bf 0 Reaction + TAs rpoares Bf oeackug Specsa taxdag POwe® Come dep of He Feat. ee RA *Pote dereuraiui ep => Alowoort 8 Pp oF Gow featior Which rust couide Simmmroncovsly os oh si cau't be Oo HOU pric controle rate of roactiow nom - rteg oo bug, achemucatreackiou. J8 cated 05 maoleauosuty of O- fea A> pny Foe ChEMUALDILY FAME Usduistecuiast —> Atrornposition pf ammouiure nitrode Bimolecuione =) dictouatov. of Wypuuoge iodide “eiupeeabor =) collission penoven Syuenchug ape Co Zon Geter Reachou's 3uo auclan seorkou. means Haak We rete of the, reacki Axpucpantioua) to © powex of the cone of sueackounts Cr] - Ke + Che] fe eg ©, Sime cotryzed. reactions s suope=-K and. ytaattions which occu, oneal M4 surfer ane a. 4o0 exaupler Hf 0 Buder 77 3 G, qraymod ctecomporitio of WE Ox gol Sime sustace + 1130) @_, anus) im ie x Na+ ana (ot ®) + ak bigh presure —> metal cusiface ge Aaturated WH, gos ruoleaules. Gwwosiug me of reaciou indeptudet of 140 ous Of IS wm Half tife : (42) ty, al Fe De bya of goo ouden ren in divectty proportioval +o initial cour: of reactants oud. inverccetypiopasssioual fo Hee race Consort” oattu tt baleen i omg Hhe conc of wale i6 nat omrouut om hence Beeudo ourandens wack ond> /~ beret SQ: « hydaolytit ethyl acetate # x snveusion Df COE Auger t OtgCoocsHe + Ho “> CHa Coot 4 GMS OH Gathn On + Hho > CeHiade + Hae (iucere) —_Cfraciose) Tevaponosuste_depmudence of The rate of a reackiou : a Most bf Mechensical moskiond Oe accermated by increase in temp. decomposition. Of N05 \ a) ae Lamina ab 50% a Shar 25% todays at OC Kitnoy —> gus decolaniced faster ok higher. Lamp: + foo a haemo senctiou. bie Ee aM temp: by lo"-the rate comtout Js weostly de autly doubied A= coheuiun Aockor/ frepeeucy fackse/ owmoniuraquotinos > tame y= Ae AT ie Tas Actntion Every : ‘ action Cub@y ; OR” energy mequired to fauna lwrennediate i (ir See > Fut unthalpy depuist on neikune of seactants auc paoduucts - i ay erothonuic > slated sh roan = Fucronsing the temperatune OF AE F merit gy Anbniauce jarani the poco { asked which, ona é greater than Eo. ae - vuesic egy ; ioe - ae > fa ae = f& 2303R, Cponupos—> Na+ o420) (aut > Hat 3a) 110403. —>-2NOs) $e stovoest step oud. ra comapuer sunastion, ouadex ie gfe bythe MET as us iojeaslosity of Hue slowest sep sause Os euanall reactiOw on 1% Barden Reaction Rate of sunctiow it puopardioual to tre Jet poser of Pre Concentradion 6p the reacauts - R= Reewt ante] = Joy OPa = KE 20 ampere a | ope 2-908 CRI 2303 7 ee ° 24! 5 nyamogeuation of ethene (CarH(g> Hat) > GHeCad) fates k{came) ame ai penal oud osrial: cadioackive decay place by ict onde Kinetice phe. the > Decompatiti ou of NOs aud N20 - bf unstable nuctel take aan Pen ee 7 Mm 9 + era? ’ rn > to PC * =o" URES Oo Oa ot CRle Effect: of Co Tugos puare + k= 20303 € M09 ( 4a ee Yeao. aunstoscs that Jmcreoaen +he rake dp reackiou withouk Jisely undergoing omy powmanent chesuafeal chauge- ® Catanyce —> Increases RoR + inibitan— decrenset FOR + cotaayee > fons tomgmany bonds baits reactaut—> Intermediate Complex eee —> decorspocas —> yeilde product » Meducer activation erwigy oud dru ithe potential energy base. + coumiyst detros olten > Gibbs eneugy (Amn) S Ee Cosaiyres gpoutaueoud TN but not Non- Spontaneous si ncaa ienaahiiiried hein! eae) yo fou of neoleesien Loith energy Arhouious Cation. Weasty & quad excgreatess thou Eo. 8-0} auisiow pox atsoud, porunit vouuwe reactiou. ace Sere y oO Aeeds to collision with proper ofieutasiou — boudl Younention. “collie. witte iN cutfieuk ic enogy, Rare pens + Cffeaius Couisious teeddudd dd / y J y Uececcceccauesses® OCCU dd ddiedddddddddd Alkcotots, Phenols Ef Fula alcool obtained’) (ip acidity of atenhous > boy Hyduobauation “oxidation Dibsuane (6Ms) 2 Cir ecebent yo oY SS ut s Ross Se = ‘On jus remeron, founws SNa IK toh dypstuogus of ea obpiatic companiach Soh dyaiao gear for meer " M eaiacery ca hpuensooness As neptoced ay oF x sreptocestioy ot4 ernpe usd ALonyLou aegioxy gueup (R-0/Ar-0) - y + Buclimaseyspiscit > ethool, Phuysical Puopeusion Pheust Grmounsuciah Guaporbaace Of alcool s Belling point Clasiitasion? a roe WD Deco piitic ononintic gunstituiion -€ Neliuct “(¢tf,0H) (voce spout 5 eS fi buauetting + bp 1 clesbruction clstitlah overt tees ae Sache Ub Mivosiow: S peta by dearuiion woo on sees rst Slcehotit ois pig hoo You veoh seeHotanet bags ca Ce Gupta ease G)GE™ GyMa tov eg Sete “co C=O Vinylic atest (ep) a) yi te (513-680 angie poe *i ae steam volatile Sey G colgutess & bois at 337K ee eee) Anvrarisoculas Vaan le > chaifuy sated fore sacking, ferme : sian > (elt = Me bovdivg, Cinteumeiectasc heuelk — Mone, Dir Tri i on euch > None, Dir Tahysitle & & @um, Pe # Aihauot (Geo) Phems —> simpie ede symmenical/ mixed ox unayen 1 UxCotknt co) Dive OY Goby fenmentation ono ae Uteon f aval Noo Galina oy + Hie MMOS GMin0¢ + Colin Oe *~ dig-chy, > MAYEUE oon > Guero (Ploieodd) pee Gan Tice | ret ; ayn a dict r (WD Hotogenosi ou’ gy atm Glog DEMS CoMeoH + 2602 . ties A ar ‘ ‘Sedan . & & é ne OES OPO Gentes eines OH in ar cto ‘ow (m= cresot) “AleQwol s React uit. be: ol Clow temp:) er \& cleucturtiiiy —> tercomm te ot Reena gun (Ayuoquiront) coe aee eres) ears ; prt “EOE GY Pe utoy Ye paynicdne A Meryl phenytedhert Anis ote tea meats) se, yer % ThhyL ~ pheaut ere: Phenekole - a-o,-Su, (ig (fee EES mean =a eB[ive a of Hie: f ee ae ee (0d Nu reactious ( beeakiug OH boud): (> _Kolbe”s Fraction oud ange: promal> athen> alcohat 443k a 9 sae ge nS asst, Qos Sa om Gaon iar rasan , ainsi seacinen Wes abn 48K + eueryerian \eeaeost a n — Ruepanatiou of Alcthoit® deena [aleanad(preie’) + (MaviAd) sarees) , He ere ee . 8. CR oH) f Phouonide vi on a mr CHa Gara PBatep mevanirn beta onan (8) Rerwa meg ane is ‘- : (dorate proton too Nay —> a nom] can | \s yee acid catalysed hyduation thongestoae) in al EP a canoes ts ro Jorannt feacts toil Becl she = ~coe~ Clee ove Wabtcoa) Nast FS, cciname onty tose paepeononore wien = | openers vasing Paueyl quaupe Wy. n : due to pals aud Sauces. = ats at, oH toud. + wed Gtg-Ot= O12 + @tay, > Ha-Ha —> (Har on) 8 Coaticylaidonyds) Senate et sean on MA Conspetes ove tei (nabeytiarand — Acidic. 42s otha ores a pple ail aat a 15) oe. @ytao SNe 03 be pnenuce Pe sa € waving mane “ f ‘ (A Taber A ccten Be Henny 5 G Wilionsson Syrtnenis 3 Uly- 4, “U1. 0M + BOOMS, ao ) re 030,07, ° Rox + pi-oNa —> RoR’ Nax CSN) Haso+ -Y* Gilly Acidity 5} Pheuod > (2) Eom Casboryyl comparinds Gs phasors ds mou atobe tren ide (Weugequinone) y 2° = ComapereHiou. GS by oreduction of aba Fag Ketones (catatytichyduogena.On) due io alelocalisaNor. of iat Kasge Gouk colaned mie) 4 2% — only aikene exact |S sYatanat \spreunrida on > pheusl > creel — becalise attokxidet ate ree) juat NuP butalio geod basey Cras > pasrymi , Nase 5 LOtHy Stable) om ona. on / GS evg — invrease abreugth at 9 p ‘iol rol bd Lm PX. @)inx Ss by sucucion Shcanborytic ads 0 88 4 wae an a toow 8M. Rouon Cexcettenr yeild) 4 eae Pougicad Gcpentics s ores zi (&) Estwstication G quae ‘haut vat dipole meweuk- Ron yan, + Re " a, Reson ST Rewoe! Ee Reon Ron (minke) pany 4 R= UUH > RIB Ar/ ROCOR’ +H20 (casmorslicorid) cleouar> ages pyydtuceostoor Ac/ROH + (R’t0)0 BS pr. + RX racic ide) y-boudi miteibility in water is awe, {, (2) Grignand’s Reagent ( (Weeayo' = Rr/Rocoe +) east) (AeA OTS area : Nc omg x fete Semon +Ng(ond x AT/ROM + Rico => R/ArOCOR’s HU (ocic @ chianide) Coulee jg asi, tenia. —> dc - ong den 9 jou Dc= ot R-Ng* ma ‘a (Ryding) a Chewmical Pro pentien > peaduoun —~ alent eo a Acstyntion oF Salegtic (ee ee CY renee “> Gyre + auc (mest Oy (evens 7 rok > 3° ale - aa 5 teatige _ Coanyo Accysauie PORE HK 9 RT REH ROH +H —> RX FHao Queponotion Of Phenols (oka: Gualie acd) ae oa a 7] io & + ws vax (cua yep we \ peor hatoosanes : pion ona, on (6) Ga ran (tsroakingy (0 bons) ROR’ + HX —> RX + RCH e 4 @) + Mant! = ©) MSS @) soe Ub amcantost (Harantts) (hypsiogeu Haile) ju care ot auinote Cpuctouation —> cang- of Srory ini iu : Rots HX —> R-A4 HO Grom bengeresuiphouic acid a tition. ¥ 3 Gay Pam wine propia tater (2) EPs - iS) oleun,, & OMe, ©) + Nosso+ f cs pa Ls aiken Quemp! a ser | Ww Ww BRON Gaky Dedyduati ow (ease =: Ls peor iagoniium sane S proticasdi: sor, HaPors MOOAMREM! ena L a ine chlaside os Oecin, 6 & = Oyeeene ope fo e awa , : ‘ 4 AM ces - Be ners ead + Ho thunude Pedy ernoust —> ebhene (Hasot , 443K) a 445 Uw oxidation oes iS) ae a Be © * vacodts ar Cacetone) were) fuumane ee hypex oxide eux. * comtouyg, ompouset (5) From Canboryticacic + 2 ae = electreg clechtr x s direct reduction OF aid Jute HeHo :Giaseoud pee siquid oor pat oe coldeuyae us not posinte Oe ciunyanioudeenens Uae! Ly 2 Meckephsile Ge mate palo Hho firey 1G Highen, miesuloens ane 40lidt » Gearopulte (C=O) Ciena baat) eHAAns- R-L- on ———> RCH. -OH ‘oe nik os... Boiling paint yn 4 highs Har hyuoeastbe fauctiouns Quauape : Boca Le -RcooH > ROW XECORY ; a ; Casdetyyde’) fee fe = A aldeyjdle 2 R-ESH ketenes REE” . 5 emma ipa Dips a, face: i : é 4 emnoe Canmore eek © p-luon eee? pedro «Action oF GR pu nenyatiowed by. igs Putsnepiaulayde jdwolysls = Soni fs to, H; Bondiras | oddonyuides 9 Jf ettliew gets Ne oye as Ty dase memiei wupto C+ ae satuple mH 0 dus | an [sees SA Wecen + Re MgX a> T=NMOMT! | Ly ad Cebain sige 4? > solubility We Addtatides gl x we ic ark 4 Nao at 9 feat Puoy feat Ho ro ateeaecno => cnenle poset @,, on o) =o | (9 Redugtiow reactiout yom (aldehyde) ’ y Vorittin _Sabicylodanude Cionoratdeure, 1 (A) with Ha/Ni OH LALH4 oe NaBH4 6H No. | GH5OH * @) Diy Disiation oF Caléiuus fame + cane Moston 0} pucpanation Of Aideuyde aud ketours + aldeuple oP. sateouel ) Heoow + Ca —> (HCo0),Ca + Hat GU), orn 6 Grey SS setae ote an unis ose tetoue CHI» 2*atcoual + aatcouar MOMMA voroue uslane: “Youre (p> denmanson Reductions i SF a(ub-wy + aco 2) fede Delpluation of alesialss Wepeheo Stet 3 _f mao, -an- Urmercnot) one: HCL ( Huydaocasebens) Voseoual “es Cue (8). from Tatmuene > fae Beugartehyde OnLy? (¢) yoat,- kithen! & Reduchou * alcove a > kelouie + He AS a @ Cre for toy on, Brie Pi CaS alkete+ Ho a © iS) Ceoraet é = ic P-dleminanon < a ee su, oe? yout 04/2 ‘occu na ° 8 ; coanipe Jon, (oslo © Neugleephitic addition. reaction (NAR) 3) from taydsocorucont: neck ae (A) Reductive ozonelysit oF alkene + Yar a es ee AS doo. zto @ (A) NAR OF HEN: dcten* ost cas Ne oncty CBeggicaciel) H-CEN +NanH/KOH > Naten/ KteNit He Ny Bat Mae 8) \ RON) ee 8, Faas Reaction? en(ocrowtas)a—cHo Seg ona) aan (B) Reaixctive exenoiyss of ableyret * & [ cs, a ar Oa ek mt ail if een (8) NAR of NaH03\ (Sodium bisulphosts) = Oe ee =c= we ee —, co) hip Gh (a-diketones) 7s Haswe/gt aca (OL (& eacrorov Coaction: (Hyduation ofabeyre "0/3 cy uriugtros (Gowrie onde) . Paes et Ho/ Hgso4 ) ee crod-082 GO. Neeo ees aoa PES Coen ore aut on ote 21s alak os ~ ona 7 > oH HoolWe gp b= @ + G03 +(0400),0 boas io) . = ddenyde- u) * (Biguiplute adn” e-cec—y OS pc ac-k a Shiseby. CHR) \ 2 ‘ Ww —> alkyl: \ (eeniral HH Gaurowouitun) aces UB ee (Ceseystattine atid elesyna) (Ere) Cet) eu “auacelaute) 19) Reirmen- Teimenn Reaction > + Cilype, —2 Aldea? has sRere cures —> Fekoues on (o) ps DaHust Not aree (DY Woacteen. Guccess. + Binet oxidation efaeene Diyor ye (Saticaldenyde) Reagent —> 0,4 PACs + Cache: " (4p) Grasteumann - Koch coactiout Oy = to, ane gui Ha i lo pouio > 2*auousl oa Os HA ey R-co — > Statenol, | (o10ne) (CEtuauat> a rin: Alc ie (epraaideiyte) (py WAR of ROH: ein pacteuce oh HAG) .. y aie fas, BeenHc +0, Cua, af ot, (retoue) IP Ketoues 4 bie 2 aes eee Sc ae = Mo? Aideuysler® (1) Friedl crafts acylation ©} Beuzene asngeD SHO egy ee Con (aveatine piety of unin livatides: cubstitubed beugeue: -) . Sa aaa toes aot ¢ Etectropluittic SN " Heuriketat) Roa EH peg aa See ee) Hong ee Aa 3 r ie ee-c o , ech gu-b= alte 4 Reng Vas . = O} + Hoh ORNS -Ht “oR ROH (2) Rosenmund reduction oF acyl Crisiicler + anbpAitls 5 u ‘ aber =< Sen gee ras 5 Mt Beats g keroue os cv atatans: atlantis | Rea =e Re nHe Hh im an eH (otaraly kat) a4 4 agh statin acre) (AD using R-Cn! COypide/ Ait : : salt ng Pt PO cig \ Z ome Ce ? ) Bore qyuieler ot pitriets gate «Brut fe pingor Sexo + poa4s aie ae a + yeas | ; Gateiteboust Ne, a? Ras wk oio oe 10 ig uo topos pant |S ie mine) | rsot (E) NAR. one udu deuivativers * etoptas 2 CReducing Reactiou® aaa oe i Des k iseap aL Gs ~E7GHs, <0, S seer Seo i rei web 4 (B Reducbou using, AU CBw2- Dian: (REN Sag ” RHO) (8) using Caces diode coceniure My x (Reauaiug ageut) oe aS i" , ‘G RENgeX + Gltls —> Raed + Maxct siantiny obs pecimalanpliaaan SC sm canct reoluce a . 3 a ' "Peegpeaty Rie-w ‘+ Rad > a -R *Cdtta! (tr) pucduick @ From eo a wes on noes 8 rit inenrr ys it iste fa ree pea . p-c-H+ ROH on ; ~_Normentlatuse : i : ae ened tS WH2 © A ols Ho x t @ fey Avadine : O- Toludive (Poureroniue) Mether Gt prepomotiou: C1). Recluction. ef vasinus funcional gtorps : (A Nitto Compounds 2 soulPaming) No, Nt on nV HE - — Ca 1* were Fet ta os | Formed geh fyduoiiged tp Je setenre HCL Clusciieg te reaction | | Notes Reduction wit. Wou Adio oud HCL is pucrreued becouse FeCto | Thut 06 onty Amol oumm@ut ov HU is (quired to staut the (EOCKOU - (5) W Sno + j CHo MCa OZ WD Ha0* Hot Gale ian) , ae Ha ot - t CONK2 cay Se WAH ZNZ >is © || nsicton: Fou ?)2°/ 2° ausinot j cy [ eesgene aaymipre: on WRU lens Ses | | : ere W ARANwa it \ Paride __—?-_ “amine | Smide —__2°amine : Z°gmde —> 2amine ——H